Download Earthquakes and Volcanoes Study Guide Pages 44 – 57 and 82

Earthquakes and Volcanoes Study Guide
Pages 44 – 57 and 82 – 85 and 99 - 105
1.
The force that causes part of the crust to become shorter and thicker is _________.
2. When the hanging wall of a fault slips down with respect to the footwall, the result is a
_____________________.
3. The _____________________ is a rating of earthquake damage at a particular location.
4. _______________ are the largest waves on a seismogram.
5. An earthquake’s _____________ is located deep underground.
6. Stress will build until an earthquake occurs if friction along a fault is ________________.
7. To estimate the total energy released by an earthquake, a geologist should use the
________________________.
Use the diagram below to answer the next three questions.
8.
Which point is the epicenter located at? _________.
9. When an earthquake occurs, seismic waves travel from point ______ in all directions.
10. At point R, seismic waves from an earthquake would be ____________________
___________________________________________________________________.
11. Volcanoes found where two oceanic plates collide form a ____________________.
12. Magma becomes lava when it reaches a volcano’s ___________________________.
13. A volcanic mountain made up of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs is called a
________________.
14. The collapse of a volcano’s magma chamber may produce a _____________________.
15. Lava that cuts across rock layers hardens to form a feature called a ________________.
16. When magma heats underground water, the result may be a _______________________.
17. A composite volcano is most likely to form ______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
18. Magma that hardens between layers of rock forms a ______________________________.
19. The diagram below shows the formation of ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
20. A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is _________________________.
21. ___________ arrive first at a seismograph.
22. Anticlines and synclines are two types of _________________________________.
23. The point beneath Earth’s surface where the crust breaks and triggers an earthquake is called
the ________________________.
24. _________________ is the type of stress that pulls on the crust and stretches rock.
25. A break in the crust where slabs slip past each other is ______________________.
26. An instrument used to measure and record ground movements during an earthquake is
_______________________.
27. A _____________________________ fault forms when the hanging wall moves upward past the
footwall.
28. ____________________ is stress that produces a strike-slip fault.
29. Compression, tension, and shearing are three types of _______________________.
30. A large area of flat land that is elevated high above sea level is known as ________________.
31. The point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus is called the
________________.
32. The type of stress that pushes masses of rock sideways in opposite directions is _________.
33. S waves arrive at a seismograph ___________ P waves.
34. The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water deep in Earth’s mantle is
_____________________________.
35. The ________________________ is a belt of volcanoes around the rim of the Pacific Ocean.
36. A ___________________ is a wide, gently sloping mountain made of hardened layers of lowsilica lava.
37. A ________________ forms when magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe and is later exposed.
38. A ________________ is a weak spot in the crust where magma comes through.
39. A ______________ is hot water and steam that erupts from the ground.
40. When the top of a volcanic mountain collapse, a _____________________ forms.
41. A ___________________ is a mass of rock that formed when a large body of magma cooled
inside Earth’s crust.
42. An area where magma melts through the crust in the middle of a plate is __________________.
43. Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a _____________________________.
44. Volcanic soils are fertile because they contain __________________ and _______________.
45. Layers of thin, runny lava that flow over a wide area before they cool and harden can build up a
________________________________.
46. Name and describe the 3 types of volcanoes.
47. Compare and Contrast shield volcanoes and cinder cone volcanoes.