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What are the different forms of energy? What forms can energy take and how do they compare? The Nature of Energy Energy Kinetic energy Potential energy Chemical potential energy Elastic potential energy Gravitational potential energy Law of conservation of energy What is energy? (cont.) • Energy is the ability to cause change. • Energy can cause changes in the motions of objects. • Anything that causes change, must have energy. – Ex. You use energy when you travel to school, whether you walk, ride in a car, or take the bus. • Energy is measured in units called joules (J). What is energy? (cont.) • Energy comes in many forms. Forms of Energy Form Nuclear Chemical Electrical Light Mechanical Sound Thermal Example of Source the Sun, radioactive material food a generator, a battery (ie: radio) the Sun, an electric lamp moving parts in a machine vibrations of a stereo speaker hot water in a radiator: When energy is changed from one from to another • All forms of energy have one thing in common: they have the ability to cause change. What are kinetic and potential energy? • You know that there are many forms of energy. But all forms of energy can be classified as potential or kinetic energy. • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. • Do you think an object with more kinetic energy is moving faster or slower compared to an object with less kinetic energy? What are kinetic and potential energy? (cont.) • All moving objects have kinetic energy. • The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. • If two objects move at the same speed, the object with more mass has more kinetic energy. • Kinetic energy depends on mass and speed What are kinetic and potential energy? (cont.) • The kinetic energy (KE) of an object depends on its speed and its mass. The vertical bars show the kinetic energy of each vehicle. What are kinetic and potential energy? (cont.) • Energy doesn‘t have to involve motion. Even motionless objects can have energy. • Potential energy is the energy stored in an object or a material. – Ex. A rock at the top of a hill :Has the potential to cause change by rolling down the hill. – Does a roller coaster at the top of the hill have a high or low potential energy? What about kinetic? What are kinetic and potential energy? (cont.) • Objects can have a combination of potential and kinetic energy – mechanical energy. – Ex. Roller coasters At the top of the hill – high potential energy and low kinetic energy. Coming down the hill – potential energy decreases and kinetic energy increases. What are the forms of potential energy? • Chemical potential energy is energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms. – Ex. Food, gasoline What are the forms of potential energy? (cont.) • Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in something that can stretch or compress. – Ex. Spring, rubber band when stretched or compressed What are the forms of potential energy? (cont.) • Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in objects due to their position above Earth’s surface. • The GPE of an object depends on the object’s mass and height above the ground. – Ex. Dropping a bowling ball from 1m causes a greater change than dropping a tennis ball from 1m. Law of conservation of energy • In any transformation, energy is not created or destroyed, only transformed Where would a book have the most potential energy? A. B. C. D. on the floor on the top shelf of a bookcase on the middle shelf of a bookcase on the lowest shelf on a bookcase Which term refers to energy due to motion? A. B. C. D. kinetic energy potential energy sound energy stored energy With your table, come up with physical movements to help you remember each vocab term Energy Kinetic energy Potential energy Chemical potential energy Elastic potential energy Gravitational potential energy Law of conservation of energy What are the different forms of energy? What forms can energy take and how do they compare? Based on the information you have just gathered, develop a possible answer for the questions above. Practice • Use your notes and textbook to complete the practice packet Homework: Review notes and vocabulary for test tomorrow.