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Download Biomes - Bibb County Schools
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Biomes Tundra Tundra • Far North sub Arctic • Permafrost, so nothing with deep roots • Lichens, mosses, grasses • Reindeer, Musk ox, polar bear • Very cold winters(well below freezing) with low precipitation • Short cold summers (6-10 weeks, around freezing) Taiga Taiga • Northern coniferous forest, or boreal forest • Northern Canada, Scandanavia, Russia • Long cold winters • Short mild summers (2-3 months, can reach 70 oF) • Grizzly bears, moose, bald eagle, bobcat, black bear, lynx, grey wolf, red fox, wolverine • Primarily fir or evergreen trees Temperate Deciduous Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest • Hardwood trees which drop their leaves in winter and conifers • From Maine through central Florida, central Europe • Cold winters, hot summers (cold/hot seasonality) • Oak, hickory, shrubs, pines, maple, ash, sweetgum • Deer, rattlesnakes, coyotes, foxes, many birds, bear, wild hogs Tropical Rain Forest Tropical Rain Forest • Equatorial regions of South America, Africa, Southeast Asia • Warm all year round, very rainy season and not so rainy season • Widest diversity of both plant and animal life. • Monkeys, gorillas, tigers, anaconda • Canopy can be different than the floor Savanna: Tropical Grassland Savanna • Sub Saharan Africa (Think Lion King), India, Northern Australia • Warm all year long with distinct rainy and dry seasons • Zebra, cheetah, giraffe, lions, leopards, wildebeest, elephants, gazelles, black mamba, koala bear, hyena • Grasses, acacia trees, baobab Baobab Tree Prairie: Temperate Grassland with tall grass Prairie • Central Canada down to Texas • Cold snowy winters, Hot wet summers • Various grasses, few trees • Bison, prairie dogs, wolves, coyote, badger Steppes: Temperate Grassland with short grass Steppes • Eastern Europe, central Asia • Found between deserts and forest • Hot humid summers, cold dry winters • Rainfall between a desert and a prairie • Grasses, few trees • Horses, fox, antelope, lynx • Nomads would wander in search of water Pampas: South American Grassland Pampas • Similar to prairie, but more humid • Pampas grass • Argentina Chapparal Chapparal • Mediterranean shrubland • Southwest USA, Northwest Mexico, western South America, Coastal Australia, Middle East, South Africa (Fynbos) • Mild moist winter, hot dry summer. Plants have waxy coatings to conserve water • Sagebrush, olive trees, small shrubs, cedar trees • Coyotes, roadrunners, jack rabbits, mule deer, alligator lizards, horned toads, cougars. • Fire is prominent The California Problem • Chapparal shrubland is dry in the summer, making it prime for fire. • Environmental efforts have helped to reduce incidences of fire, but that has led to more availability of fuel, therefore the fires are much more severe. • These fires melt the waxy coatings on the plants and it soaks into the soil, sort of waterproofing the soil. • When the rainy season comes, instead of soaking in, the water tends to run off, leading to massive landslides. Desert Desert Desert • Defined as receiving less than 10 inches of rain a year. • Can be hot, semiarid, coastal, and cold • All are significantly cooler at night than in the day. • Plants and animals must be able to conserve water and animals must be able to efficiently cool themselves. • Yucca, creosote, cactus, Joshua tree, ironwood tree • Rattlesnakes, gila monsters, coyotes, camel, bobcat, lizards Estuary Estuary • Where rivers meet oceans • One of the most productive ecosystems on earth • Marshes, mangroves, coral reefs, rocky shores, oyster beds • Plants must cope with varying salt levels, low oxygen levels in mud, ocean currents and waves, varying light. Seagrasses, dune grasses and aquatic plants are common • Birds, crabs, shrimps, clams, otters, starfish, seals, fish Aquatic Biomes • Marine ecosystems: • Cover 2/3 of the surface of the earth. • Divided into zones according to the amount of sunlight they get. • Photic: 0-200 m, can support photosynthesis • Aphotic: below 200 m, no light • Benthic zone: bottom Freshwater Zones • Littoral: between high and low marks on the shoreline • Limnetic: open water • Benthic: bottom Marine Zones • Intertidal: between high and low tides • Neritic: out to the continental shelf • Bathyal: to the base of the continental shelf • Abyssal: > 2000 m deep, total darkness
