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Transcript
The Outer Planets Chapter 3, Lesson 3 A. Expert - I have done a lot of reading in this area already. B. Above Average - I have learned some information about this topic. C. Moderate - I know a little about this topic. D. Rookie - I am a blank slate … but ready to learn. 1 1 1 1 (AS300-U1C3L3:LQ1) A. B. C. D. 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 1 1 1 1 (AS300-U1C3L3:LQ2) Lesson Overview Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Click any link below to go directly to polling that question. 1. Phenomenon of different parts of a planet having different periods of rotation 2. Flattened at the poles 3. A hypothetical whirling gaseous mass within a giant cloud of gas and dust 4. The passing of one astronomical object in front of another Click here to return to this index. Jupiter god Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Jupiter as Seen From Earth and From Space Jupiter is the Solar System’s largest planet 318 times the mass of Earth Volume is 1,400 times that of Earth Takes nearly 12 Earth years to cycle around the Sun Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of Voyager 1, NASA Jupiter’s Rotation Light- and dark-colored bands parallel to its equator The phenomenon of different parts of a planet having different periods of rotation is known as differential rotation Jupiter is somewhat oblate, or flattened at the poles; this is an effect of Jupiter’s swift rotation Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of California Institute of Technology The Composition of Jupiter’s Atmosphere 90 percent hydrogen and 10 percent helium, with small amounts of methane, ammonia and water vapor Small amounts of certain heavier elements Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur Three so-called “noble” gases Argon, krypton and xenon Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Jupiter’s Three Groups of Moons 1. Fragmented moonlets 2. Galilean satellites: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto 3. Remaining 55 moons: Astronomers speculate that these moons are captured asteroids Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of Galileo Project /JPL/NASA Saturn Greek god Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Kronus Saturn The astronomer Galileo first observed Saturn in 1610 Some 50 years later the Dutch physicist and astronomer Christian Huygens recognized that the “ears” on Saturn were really rings Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Saturn’s Size, Mass, and Density Not much smaller in diameter than Jupiter Only half as dense 0.7 the density of water Has a less dense core and less liquid metallic hydrogen than Jupiter does Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute Saturn’s Speed of Rotation and Solar Orbit 29.5 Earth years to orbit the Sun Rotates on its axis in 10 hours, 39 minutes Saturn’s rings are in the plane of its equator Tilts 27 degrees with respect to its orbital plane Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of NASA and the Hubble Heritage Team, STScI/AURA/Acknowledgment: R.G. French (Wellesley College), J. Cuzzi (NASA/Ames), L. Dones (SWRI), J. Lissauer (NASA/Ames) Titan, Saturn’s Largest Moon Largest of more than 60 moons Second largest in the Solar System Data from Huygens probe suggest that at one point, Titan had an atmosphere five times as dense as it is today Chapter 3, Lesson 3 The Particles That Form Saturn’s Rings Chunks of water ice and smaller bits of rock and organic matter Lots of empty space between the chunks too Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Greek god Uranus Father Sky Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Who Made the Best Telescopes? Chapter 3, Lesson 3 What Led Herschel to Discover the Planet Uranus Object did not appear as a point of light, as stars do It moved That suggested a different kind of celestial object Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of NASA/JPL/STScI The Motion of Uranus and the Tilt of Its Equatorial Plane Takes 84 Earth years to orbit the Sun Axis is tilted 90 degrees to its orbital plane The poles alternate between 42 years of sunlight and 42 years of darkness Chapter 3, Lesson 3 How Uranus’s Moons Act as Shepherds for the Particles of Its Ring First reliable determination of Uranus’s diameter used an occultation – the passing of one astronomical object in front of another Inner moon will orbit faster than the ring’s particles Particles passing the outer moon are slowed somewhat while doing so Chapter 3, Lesson 3 God of Neptune Poseidon Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Neptune’s Wind Speeds and Differential Rotation Experiences differential rotation – to an extreme degree Magnetic field rotates every 16 hours and seven minutes Strong winds and storm systems suggest that Neptune has an annual cycle of seasons Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech The Unusual Orbits of Neptune’s Two Major Moons Triton revolves clockwise around its planet Nereid has the most eccentric orbit Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech A. B. C. D. Ganymede Titan Triton Nereid 1 1 1 1 (AS300-U1C3L3:LQ3) A. B. C. D. Galileo John C. Adams Johann Galle Herschel 1 1 1 1 (AS300-U1C3L3:LQ4) Review The four planets farthest from the Sun are called the Jovian planets All of the Jovian planets have rings and multiple moons Scientists are still discovering information about these planets Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Summary Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Next… Done – The Outer Planets Next – Dwarf Planets, Comets, Asteroids, and Kuiper Belt Objects Chapter 3, Lesson 3 Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/UMD A. B. C. D. Occultation Eccentric Differential rotation Chemical differentiation 1 1 1 1 (AS300-U1C3L3:VQ1) A. B. C. D. Oblate Elliptical Occultation Eccentric 1 1 1 1 (AS300-U1C3L3:VQ2) A. B. C. D. Planetesimal Nebula Corona Protoplanet 1 1 1 1 (AS300-U1C3L3:VQ3) A. B. C. D. Oblation Occultation Planetesimal Eccentric orbit 1 1 1 1 (AS300-U1C3L3:VQ4)