Download S5O1 Pretest - SunsetRidgeMSBiology

Biology
Standard 5 Objective 1 Pre-test
a1. Which of the following is an environmental factor that affects natural selection?
A. selective breeding by humans
B. random events
C. classification of organisms
D. available food sources
a2. How do scientists explain the biodiversity found on the planet today? Numerous species
have been created by
A. individual organisms finding new ways to live.
B. adaptations of populations to differing environments.
C. a series of mutations leading to a known outcome.
D. an asteroid hitting Earth carrying organisms from another planet.
a3. When does natural selection occur most rapidly in nature?
A. when genetic diversity is at its lowest rate
B. when the species are most closely related to one another.
C. when changes to the environment occur
D. when the mutation rates slows or nearly stops.
a4. How would a cooling climate affect species in an ecosystem?
A. individuals better able to survive the cold would become more numerous.
B. species would increase in number to offset the numbers killed by the cold.
C. species never before seen would suddenly appear in the ecosystem.
D. individuals might die off but a species cannot disappear.
b5. Which of the following is the BEST example of a specific adaptation for attracting mates
within an animal population?
A. tough pads on the bottom of wolf’s feet
B. similar coloration of male and female red-tailed hawks
C. larger body size and antler development in bull elk
D. poor sense of smell in male elephant seals
b6. A rainforest has thousands of species of beetles. A desert has a few hundred species of
beetles. What does the rainforest have more of?
A. large predators
B. biodiversity
C. selective breeding
D. sustainability
Two groups of frogs live in ponds separated by a mountain range. The chart below lists
characteristics of the frogs. Use it to answer the next three questions.
Characteristic
Favorite Food
Mating Season
Average Weight
Active Time of Day
Color
Frog Population 1
flying insects
November
120 g
8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.
dark green, white on underside
Frog Population 2
crawling insects
September
200 g
4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
light green, yellow spots on
back
c7. Which characteristic is most likely to reduce the chance these frogs will interbreed?
A. Favorite Food
B. Color
C. Average Weight
D. Active Time of Day
b8. What assumption can be made about the difference in color between the frogs?
A. The color of the frogs is a random occurence.
B. Frogs can change color whenever they wish.
C. The color of each population helps it survive in its environment.
D. Dark green is the dominant color and will take over eventually.
b9. Which group of frogs would you expect to be harder for a predator to see at night?
A. Frog 1, they are darker in color.
B. Frog 1, they are active at night.
C. Frog 2, they have yellow spots.
D. Frog 2, they are active at night.
b10. In a changing environment, which species will have the best chance for survival?
A. the one with the largest population
B. the one with the smallest body size
C. the one with the most genetic variation
D. the one with the smartest individuals
c11. In his famous voyage on the Beagle, Darwin saw several species of finch on the Galapagos
Island that were not on the mainland. What did he conclude?
A. The Galapagos Islands had sheltered the finches from the harsh conditions found on the
mainland.
B. The species on the mainland that had originally come to the island were now extinct.
C. Islands provided much better living conditions for finches so many types came to them.
D. The Galapagos finches had adapted to conditions on the island to form new species
c12. Which of the following would provide geographic isolation for a squirrel population?
A. Growth of trees due to excessive rain.
B. Lack of food due to a harsh summer.
C. A canyon deepening and widening.
D. Different mating habits in squirrel populations.
c13. What happens when speciation has occurred?
A. population balance is achieved and change is no longer occurring.
B. two groups in a species can no longer interbreed
C. populations move away from one another
D. species begin to pass on acquired traits and change behavior
c14. Two populations of a species live in different locations for a long time. When individuals
from each population are re-introduced, they no longer interbreed to form fertile young. Why?
A. They must know each other first.
B. The species do not have similar genes any more.
C. Behavioral or genetic changes have occurred.
D. They have adapted different ways of rearing offspring.
c15. Which is an example of organisms in which speciation has occurred?
A. donkey/horse
B. bulldog/poodle
C. gray mouse/white mouse
D. large cat/small cat
d16. Which of the following is an example of selective breeding?
A. a male elk rounds up a herd of female elk
B. breeders use the same male with desirable qualities to breed many females.
C. a cold winter reduces the elk population to just a few very strong individuals.
D. a dog owner raises several litters of puppies with mixed breeding.
d17. How has corn changed from a small ear with a few kernels into the large-eared multiple
kernel form it has today?
A. farmers have selectively bred corn for large ears with many kernels
B. natural selection has allowed the most hardy corn plants to survive.
C. animals that eat corn have scattered the corn seeds to many new places.
D. corn plants have diverse gene pools that contain many variations.
d18. What is the main difference between natural selection and selective breeding? In selective
breeding
A. humans allow nature to control the reproduction of species.
B. the strongest will survive and have more offspring.
C. the organisms with the most genetic variation will reproduce.
D. humans choose plants or animals for reproduction.
Essay
1. Why are species with greater genetic variability more adaptable to changes in the environment?
2. What effect does reproductive isolation have on a species? Give an example.
3. How are selective breeding and natural selection alike and different?