Download Cell Transport Test Outline

Cell Transport Test Outline
 Study notes and terms about the cell membrane and cell transport
 Review questions 1-10 from section 2.6 on the parts and functions of the plasma membrane. Make sure you can
label the parts of the plasma membrane. Use figure 1, 2 and 3 from page 48.
 Study passive transport including diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion. Use the power point presentation
from my website to help you study. Know the similarities and differences between each. Also, make sure you
understand the terms equilibrium and concentration gradient and how they relate to cell transport.
 Study the effects of osmosis on plant and animal cells. You must know how both cells will react to a hypotonic,
hypertonic and an isotonic solution.
 Study active transport including endocytosis and exocytosis. Make sure you understand the difference between
pinocytosis and phagocytosis. (know both the similarities and the differences)
 Be able to interpret and explain diagrams showing forms of endocytosis and exocytosis.
 Know the terms list including dynamic equilibrium and osmotic balance, osmotic pressure and turgor pressure (be
able to relate them and know the differences)
 Review passive and active transport.
o Be able to fully explain an example of each
 Interpreting how solutions move across a semi-permeable membrane
Biology 11 - Cell Membrane & Transport – REVIEW WORKSHEET
 Part A: Definitions: Define the following terms, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, IN AS FEW WORDS AS CLARITY ALLOWS.
cell membrane
diffusion
concentration gradient
solute
solvent
osmotic pressure
isotonic solution
hypertonic solution
hypotonic solution
plasmolysis
turgor pressure
facilitated transport
active transport
endocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
exocytosis
glycolipid
Fluid Mosaic Model
Part B - Short Answers
phospholipid and protein covering of every cell,
controls what goes in and out of each cell
movement of molecules from region of greater
concentration to region of lesser concentration.
the difference in concentration between two
regions
the solid that is dissolved in a solution
the liquid that dissolves the solute in a solution
the pressure of water moving across
membranes caused by a concentration
gradient.
solution that has same concentration of solute
as the cells it surrounds
solution that has greater concentration of
solute as the cells it surrounds. Will cause cell
to shrink
solution that has lesser concentration of solute
as the cells it surrounds. Will cause cells to
burst
shrinking of a plant cell (wilting) due to being
place in a hypertonic solution.
hydrostatic pressure due to a plant cell being
placed in hypotonic solution. Is pressure on
inside of plant cell against the cell wall.
Carrier-mediated transport that works with the
conc. gradient and requires no energy.
Carrier-mediated transport that works against
the conc. gradient and requires energy.
Cells bringing in materials by forming vesicle
around substance outside the cell with the cell
membrane.
endocytosis of large particles (large enough to
be seen with light microscope)
“cell drinking” Endocytosis of small particles
(small enough that an electron microscope is
needed)
opposite of endocytosis. Vesicle inside cell
fuses with cell membrane, depositing contents
on the outside.
carbohydrate attached to phospholipid on cell
membrane. Often serves in cell identification
and communication.
Current model of membrane structure. A
phospholipid fluid sea is embedded with a wide
variety (“mosaic”) of protein molecules.
1. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from the area of greater concentration to the area of lesser concentration.
2. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
3. What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution? it swells and bursts
4. What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution? it loses water to medium – shrivels up
5. Turgor pressure is best exemplified by placing a plant cell in a hypotonic solution.
6. Give an example:
a. of diffusion in the body
the movement of oxygen from the air sacs into
the blood
some sugars enter the cell more quickly than
others
b. of facilitated transport
c. of active transport
the concentration of sodium is greater outside a
cell, the concentration of potassium is
greater inside a cell
7. List 3 ways in which active transport differs from the process of diffusion across a cell membrane.
a. goes from area of less concentration to area of greater
b. requires carrier protein
c. requires expenditure of energy
8. List 2 ways in which facilitated transport differs from active transport.
a. goes from area of greater concentration to area of lesser concentration]
b. does not require energy
Part C – Multiple Choice
1. The major functions of the plasma membrane do Not include
a) separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell.
b) regulation of molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell.
c) recognition and communication between different cells and tissues.
d) maintaining connections between adjacent cells
e) production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall.
2. The current theory of the structure of the plasma membrane is best described by the _______ model.
a) sandwich b) fluid-mosaic c) unit membrane d) electrochemical e) unipermeable
3. In a phospholipid bilayer, the
a) phosphate groups are hydrophobic.
b) fatty acids tails are ionized.
c) fatty acid tails are hydrophilic
d) proteins are located only between the two layers.
e) phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm.
4. Which is the Best definition of diffusion?
a) movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration
b) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area
of lower water concentration.
c) movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to and area of their higher concentration.
d) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low water concentration to an area
of higher water concentration.
e) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP.
5. Which is the Best definition of osmosis?
a) movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration
b) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area
of lower water concentration.
c) movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to and area of their higher concentration.
d) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low water concentration to an area
of higher water concentration.
e) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP.
6. Plants show turgor pressure when
a) cells are losing water from their water vacuoles.
b) cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water.
c) water is being used up in photosynthesis.
d) water is being evaporated from the leaves.
7. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur?
a) Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
b) Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
c) Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
d) Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
e) None of the above will occur.
8. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, which will occur?
a) Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
b) Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
c) Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
d) Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
e) None of the above will occur.
9. If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, which will occur?
a) Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
b) Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
c) Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
d) Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
e) None of the above will occur.
10. Freshwater protozoans react to a/an _______ environment by removing water through _____.
a) hypertonic, turgor pressure
b) hypotonic, turgor pressure
c) isotonic, a contractile vacuole
d) hypertonic, a contractile vacuole
e) hypotonic, a contractile vacuole
11. Which is the Best definition of active transport?
a) movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration
b) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area
of lower water concentration.
c) movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to and area of their higher concentration.
d) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low water concentration to an area
of higher water concentration.
e) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP.
12. The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane by
a) facilitated transport b) active transport c) cotransport d) endocytosis e) exocytosis
13. Pinocytosis is an example of
a) facilitated transport b) passive transport c) cotransport d) endocytosis e) exocytosis
14. A phospholipid molecule has a head and two tails. The tails are found
a) at the surface of the membrane
b) in the interior of the membrane
c) spanning the membrane
d) where the environment is hydrophilic
e) Both a and b are correct.
15. During diffusion
a) solvents move from the area of higher to lower concentration but not the solutes.
b) there is a net movement of molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration.
c) a cell must be present for any movement of molecules to occur.
d) molecules move against their concentration gradient if they are small or charged.
e) All of these are correct.
16. Active transport
a) requires a carrier protein.
b) moves a molecule against its concentration gradient.
c) requires a supply of chemical energy.
d) does not occur during facilitated transport.
e) All of these are correct.
17. Which of the following forms of cell transport requires the input of energy?
a) diffusion
b) osmosis
c) facilitated diffusion
d) movement of a solute down its concentrated gradient
e) active transport
18. Which of the following requires the input of energy?
a) osmosis
b) facilitated diffusion
c) diffusion
d) sodium potassium pump
e) movement of water down its concentration gradient
19. Which structures are important to the permeability of a cell membrane?
a) microfilaments b) cell walls c) ribosomes d) monosaccharides e) integral proteins
20. Which of the following substances is most likely to pass through a selectively permeable plasma membrane?
a) O2 b) K+ c) glucose d) NH3 e) starch
21. All of the following are typical components of the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell Except
a) glycoproteins b) cytochromes c) cholesterol d) phospholipids e) integral proteins
22. Facilitated diffusion
a) is a type of passive transport
b) moves molecules down the concentration gradient
c) is made possible by specific molecules within the membrane
d) requires no expenditure of energy
e) All of the above apply.
23. How do lipid-soluble molecules normally get into a cell?
a.
b.
c.
d.
they dissolve in the fat layers of the membrane and enter the cell by diffusion
they pass through protein pores in the cell membrane
they are absorbed by phagocytosis
they never get in
24. The phospholipids are unusual molecules because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
they have hydrophilic regions
they have hydrophobic regions
they are triglycerides
both A and B
25. Which of the following statements best describes the "fluid mosaic model" of the structure of the cell membrane?
a.
b.
c.
d.
two layers of protein with lipid layers between the protein layers
two layers of lipid with proteins between the lipid layers
a double layer of lipid molecules with protein molecules suspended in the layer
A single layer of protein on the outside and a single layer of lipids on the inside
26. The movement of chloride ions from an area where chloride is concentrated to an area where chloride is less
concentrated is which of these?
a.
b.
c.
d.
diffusion
active transport
osmosis
exocytosis
27. Which of these are passive transport mechanisms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
osmosis
diffusion
phagocytosis
both A and B
28. The sodium-potassium pump (which carries sodium out of a cell and potassium into a cell) is an example of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
passive transport
29. The process of a cell engulfing a solid object is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
phagocytosis
exocytosis
pinocytosis
diffusion
30. When a cell bursts due to osmosis, it is in a solution that is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic
either A or C
31. Why do plant cells behave differently to animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Plant cells are permeable to water
Plant cells do not carry out active transport
Plant cells contain a vacuole
Plant cells have a cell wall
32. I am doing an experiment on osmosis. I take some dialysis tubing (a semi-permeable membrane) and fill it with a 50%
sugar solution. Sugar molecules are very big, and cannot pass through the membrane. If I want to make the cell gain
weight, which beaker should I place it into?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
beaker of 70% sugar solution
beaker of water
beaker of 90% sugar solution
beaker of any type of sugar solution
None of these conditions would cause the cell to gain weight
Complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement:
Statement
Isotonic solution Hypotonic solution
Causes a cell to swell
Doesn’t change the shape of a cell
Causes a cell to shrink
Match the term with its correct description:
a. energy
b. facilitated diffusion
c. endocytosis
d. passive transport
Hypertonic
solution
X
X
X
e. active transport
f. exocytosis
g. carrier protein
h. channel protein
___H_____ Transport protein that provides a tube-like opening in the plasma membrane through which particles can
diffuse
____A____ Is used during active transport but not passive transport
___C_____ Process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vacuole around it
___D_____ Particle movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
____F____ Process by which a cell expels wastes from a vacuole
___B_____ A form of passive transport that uses transport proteins
__E_____ Particle movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
___G_____ Transport protein that changes shape when a particle binds with it
Match the term with its correct description:
a. transport protein
b. active transport
c. diffusion
d. passive transport
e. osmosis
f. endocytosis
g. exocytosis
h. equilibrium
__E___ The diffusion of water through a cell membrane
__D___ The movement of substances through the cell membrane without the use of cellular energy
___A__ Used to help substances enter or exit the cell membrane
__B___ When energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane
_H____ When the molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance to become balanced
__G___ A vacuole membrane fuses (becomes a part of) the cell membrane and the contents are released
__F___ The cell membrane forms around another substance, for example, how the amoeba gets its food
__C___ When molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Osmosis Practice
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Only water moves
in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside the cell and the concentration of water
and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below by comparing the concentration of the water inside the cell
and the concentration outside the cell.
1.
5% NaCl
95% H2O
2.
95% NaCl
5% H2O
a. Water will flow _Out of the cell___
b. The cell will shrink
a. Water will flow in both directions
5% NaCl
95% H2O
5% NaCl
95% H2O
b. The cell will stay the same
a. Water will flow into the cell,
3.
95% NaCl
5% H2O
5% NaCl
95% H2O
b. The cell will burst