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LO: How do scientists use recombinant DNA technology? DN: June 2013 #1-5 HW: June 2013 #44-49 What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic Engineering is a process that scientists use to ______ alter the ________ genetic instructions in organisms. Why would altering DNA affect our characteristics/traits? DNA codes for the proteins that determine our traits. Why would scientists want to alter the genetic instructions of organisms? + Scientists can generate organisms with desired characteristics. How is DNA Modified? Step 1: DNA is first _________________ extracted (removed) from cells. ..ATGAATTCT.. ..TACTTAAGA.. ..ATGAATTCT.. +..TACTTAAGA.. DNA DNA Step 2: DNA is then cut into smaller Restriction Enzymes. pieces with ____________________ ATGAATTCT TACTTAAGA ATG AATTCT TACTTAA GA Restriction enzymes are “scissor-like” enzymes that _________ ___ specific recognize and cut sequences in the DNA ____. What base sequences were these Restriction Enzymes specific for? “Sticky Ends” ATG TACTTAA ATGAATTCT TACTTAAGA AATTCT GA “Sticky Ends” GA Step 3: The cut DNA sequence is then _________ combined with the DNA of ________ another organism. ATG + TACTTAA Cut DNA AATTCT GA Cut DNA from another cell ATGAATTCT TACTTAAGA DNA from 2 sources What do we call DNA that comes from 2 sources? Source 1 Source 2 Recombinant DNA Gene Splicing DNA Ligase The process that allows scientists to attach pieces of DNA _______ ____ segments to the ____ of other organisms is called: DNA ______________ GENE SPLICING recombinant DNA is then Step 4: The _________________ placed inside a living cell. What will the recombined DNA do? “Cut DNA” + “Cut DNA” It will allow for the proteins production of _________ from _____ both sources of DNA. Recombinant DNA Applications of Genetic Engineering: 1)Scientists can target and identify a _____. gene 2)Cut the gene with __________________. restriction enzymes 3)This gene is then “spliced” to the _________ DNA of another organism. 4)Once in the new organism, the transferred genes direct the new organism’s cells to make the same ________ protein as the original organism. How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin? Step 1: DNA is removed from a human cell and insulin gene is cut with ____________________ Restriction Enzymes. Step 2: Plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell and is cut with ___________________ Restriction Enzymes. Step 3: Insulin Gene and Bacterial Plasmid are Spliced _______ together to form _________________ Recombinant DNA Step 4: Recombinant DNA is inserted into a _____________ bacterial cell. Step 5: Bacteria undergo ________ Asexual reproduction and are capable of producing the protein insulin.
