Download Study Guide: First Page Which particle defines the element?

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Study Guide: first page
• Atomic Mass: mass of a specific isotope of an element
• Atomic Number: the number of protons in an element
• Mass Number: Protons + Neutrons
• Isotopes: forms of elements that have different number of
neutrons
• Ions: charged atoms
• Valence electrons: electrons in the outermost shell
Study Guide: First Page
Charge
Proto
n
Neutr
on
Electr
on
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Location
Mass
Nucleus
1 atomic
mass unit
Nucleus
1 atomic
mass unit
Cloud
0.00054 amu
(small!)
Study Guide: First Page
• Which particle defines the element?
• Number of protons
• What charge does the nucleus of an atom normally
have?
• Positive
• What does it mean for an atom to be neutral?
(Explain using the words proton, neutron, electron)
• No charge. Number of protons= electrons. Neutrons
are not charged.
• How are the electrons arranged in an atom?
• In shells or orbitals based on energy level.
• Knowing that every periodic table is
different, how do I tell which one thing
is the atomic number?
• It is the whole number (no
decimals).
• Knowing that every periodic table is
different, how do I tell which one thing
is the atomic mass?
• It is the decimal number. It is usually
larger than the atomic number.
• If you know an elements Atomic
number, what else do you know
about the element? (Assume the
element is neutral)
• Number of protons. If the
element is neutral, also the
number of electrons.
• How do you get the mass number
from the periodic table?
• Round the average atomic
mass. Most of the time, though,
you should add protons and
neutrons.
Study Guide: First Page
• Electrons do not travel in an orbit.
Explain this statement, using the
words orbit, orbital, electron cloud,
and energy level.
• Electrons are found approximately in
the electron cloud and travel very
quickly in orbits. They are found at
different energy levels. Electrons
closer to the nucleus have less energy
because they are strongly attracted to
the nucleus.
Isotopes and Ions
• What do the numbers after the name of an element
represent? Ex. Magnesium – 26
• Mass number. Ex) 26 is the number of protons plus
neutrons
In the example to the right, why don’t I have to include
the number of protons before Magnesium? Ex.
Magnesium – 26
The number of protons is always the same for a specific
element (it is the atomic number)
Isotopes and Ions
• Assume you have these 2 elements: 5525Mn and
• How are these elements different from each other?
•
Different mass numbers
• What do we call these elements?
•
Isotopes
• How would you name each element?
Manganese-55 and Manganese-56
56 Mn
25
Isotopes and Ions
Element/Isotope
Information
Write the
Notation
Isotope Name
the
Element/Isotope
p = 19 , e= 19, n = 39
20
19 K
Potassium-39
p=75, e=75, n =
111
186
75 Re
p = 18, e = 18, n = 40
22
18 Ar
Rhenium- 186
Argon-40
• What is a cation?
• Positively charged atom (has
lost electrons)
• Does a cation have a
positive or negative charge?
• Positive
• What is an anion?
• Negatively charged atom
(has gained electrons)
• Does an anion have a
positive or negative charge?
• Negative
substance
symb Atomic Mass
Protons
ol
number number
=
protons
Aluminum
Al-1
(P+N)
13
27
13
Neutrons
Electrons
(mass
number
- atomic
number)
Neutral or
Ion
(27-13)
(13+1)
14
Isotope
Notation
27
13 Al
-1
14
Ion
Carbon
C
6
(6 + 6)
6
6
6
12
6
12
Sodium
Na+1
11
23
C
Neutral
P=E
11
12
10
Ion
Lost an
electron
(+)
23
11 Na
+1
substance
symbo Atomic
l
number
=
protons
Tin
50
Mass
number
Protons
(P+N)
119
50
Sn
Neutrons
Electrons
(mass
number
- atomic
number)
Neutral or
Ion
119-50
=
69
50
Isotope
Notation
119
50 Sn
Neutral
P=E
Barium
Iodine
Ba2+
I
56
53
138
76+53=
129
56
53
138-56=
82
54
Ion
Lost two
electrons
76
53
Neutral
P=E
138
56
Ba 2+
129
53
I
substance
symbo Atomic
l
number
=
protons
Oxygen
O2-
8
Mass
number
Protons
(P+N)
8+6
=
14
Neutrons
Electrons
(mass
number
- atomic
number)
Neutral or
Ion
8
6
10
Isotope
Notation
14
8
O2-
2- ion
Magnesi
um
Mg2+
12
24
12
12
10
24
Mg +2
12
2+ ion
Chlorine
Cl1-
17
37
17
20
18
1- ion
37
17
Cl1-
substance
symbo Atomic
l
number
=
protons
Bromine
Br
Mass
number
Protons
(P+N)
35
35
75
Neutrons
Electrons
(mass
number
- atomic
number)
Neutral or
Ion
40
35
Isotope
Notation
75
35
Neutral
Br