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Contents The Heart Structure of the heart Valves in the heart How the heart pumps blood Summary quiz 1 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 The structure of the heart – exterior The heart pumps blood around the circulatory system. What is the heart made of? muscle tissue The heart is made of muscle and keeps pumping blood around your body, even when you are asleep! What do the blood vessels on the outside of the heart do? 2 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 The heart needs blood too! The heart is full of blood but also needs its own blood supply so that the muscle can keep pumping. muscle tissue blood vessels supply blood to muscle tissue The blood vessels on the outside of the heart carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle cells. Oxygen-poor blood is then carried away from these cells by outer blood vessels and back into the heart. 3 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 The structure of the heart – interior The inside of the heart is divided into two sections to keep oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood separate. Each side of the heart is also divided into two sections. right side of the heart left side of the heart Each section of the heart is called a chamber. How many chambers are there? 4 4 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 The chambers of the heart The four chambers of the heart have special names: An upper chamber is called an atrium (plural atria). right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle A lower chamber is called a ventricle. 5 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 What do atria and ventricles do? The chambers of the heart have different functions. blood to the lungs blood from the body blood to the body blood from the lungs The atria collect blood that enters the heart. The ventricles pump blood out of the heart. 6 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Inside the heart – labels 7 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Inside the heart – labelling activity 8 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Chambers of the heart – activity 9 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Contents The Heart Structure of the heart Valves in the heart How the heart pumps blood Summary quiz 10 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Preventing backflow Blood always flows in the same direction as it moves through the heart during each circulation of the body. Why is it important that blood does not flow backwards? 11 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Heart valves The chambers of the heart are separated by valves which prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction. valve leading out of right ventricle valve between right atrium and right ventricle valve leading out of left ventricle valve between left atrium and left ventricle There are valves between the atria and the ventricles… …and there are valves leading out of the ventricles. 12 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Naming the heart valves 13 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Contents The Heart and Circulatory System The circulatory system Structure of the heart Valves in the heart How the heart pumps blood Summary quiz 14 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 How does the heart pump blood? Imagine the force needed to squeeze a tennis ball. That’s how much force the heart uses to pump blood around the body! How does the heart produce enough force to keep doing this 24 hours a day? The heart can pump blood because it is made of muscle. Muscle tissue works by contracting (squeezing) and relaxing. 15 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 How does the heart pump blood? All the parts of the heart on either side, work together in a repeated sequence. The two atria contract and relax; then the two ventricles contract and relax. This is how blood moves through the heart and is pumped to the lungs and the body. One complete sequence of contraction and relaxation is called a heartbeat. 16 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Heartbeat animation 17 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 How many heartbeats? If your heart beats at an average rate of 70 times per minute, how many heartbeats are there… …in one hour? 70 x 60 = 4, 200 …in one day? 4, 200 x 24 = 100, 800 …in one year? 100, 800 x 365 = 36, 792, 000 …in 70 years? 36, 792, 000 x 70 = 18 of 49 2, 575, 440, 000 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 The sequence of a heartbeat 19 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Journey of blood around the body 20 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Contents The Heart and Circulatory System The circulatory system Structure of the heart Valves in the heart How the heart pumps blood Summary quiz 21 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Multiple-choice quiz 22 of 49 © Boardworks Ltd 2004