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Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron: Name ___________________________________Date_________________ Chapter 10 Notes – Introduction to Atoms (pgs 260-272) 1. Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. a. A penny contains about 2 x 1022 atoms (which can be written as 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) of copper and zinc. Think about how small an atom is! 2. Parts of an atom a. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. b. Neutrons are particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. i. Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in an atom. c. Nucleus – an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. d. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in electron clouds outside the nucleus. e. Electron clouds-A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. f. Draw a picture of an atom and label the protons, neutrons, nucleus, electrons, and electron cloud (pg 267): 3. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also, this number tells you the number of electrons in an atom of the element. The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. 4. Atomic mass – the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. This is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. It will usually be a decimal. Atomic Number 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Symbol Element Atomic Mass 5. Finding the number of neutrons: a. First, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. b. Second, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. c. For example, to find the number of neutrons for Lithium (see page 286 on the periodic table), you would subtract 6.9 (rounded to 7) by 3. The answer is 4, so the number of neutrons for Lithium is 4. 7 Atomic mass (number of protons plus the number of neutrons) -3 Atomic number (number of protons) 4 Number of neutrons 6. Find the number of neutrons for Helium (see above for Hydrogen): Name ___________________________________Date_________________ 7. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table): a. Because there are only 2 elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 2 electrons in the first energy level of an atom. b. Because there are 8 elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table, you can only put up to 8 electrons in the second energy level of an atom. c. You can only put up to 18 electrons in the third energy level of an atom. d. The fourth energy level can only hold up to 18 electrons. e. The fifth energy level can only hold up to 36 electrons. 8. Drawing atomic models (turn to page 286-287 for the periodic table). a. Draw an atomic model, also known as a Bohr diagram, for Boron:
