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Unit 1 QN Questions 1. Write short note on 1. Process control principle. 2. Human aided control system 3. Automatic Control 4. Servo mechanism 5. Supervisory Control 6. DDC 7. Smart sensors How a control system is evaluated and what are the objectives of typical control system? 2. 4 or 6 each 1 BLOOM S Level (1-6) 2 6 1 Marks Unit No. CO 1 Definition:1 Figure: 1 or 2 Explanation: 2 or 4 2 1 Evaluation criteria: 2 Explanation: Figure: 2 Explanation: Figure: 2 Explanation: Definition:2 Explanation: 3. Explain the concept of stability in control system. 6 1 1 1 4. How a control system is evaluated to ensure stability? 6 1 2 1 5. Explain analog control and digital control with relation to automation 6 1 1 1 Define automation and explain the architecture of automation. Explain reasons for automation along with advantages, disadvantages. 6 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 8. Define automation and explain types of automation. 6 1 1 1 9. What are the effects of modern developments on Global competitiveness? The tank in fig. below has relationship between flow and 6. 7. 10. level given by Qout K h where h is in feet and K=1.156(gal/min)/ft2. Suppose the input flow rate is 2gal/min. At what value of h will the level stabilize from self regulation? 3 3 1 Marking Scheme 3 1 4 4 4 4 Definition:2 Explanation: 4 Reasons: 2 Advantages:2 Disadvantages:2 Definition:2 Explanation: 4 Explanation: 6 Stepwise answer is expected Unit 2 BLOOM S Level (1-6) 1 Marks Unit No. Explain need for signal transmission in automation. Explain electrical transmission systems along with advantages and disadvantages. 4 2 3. Explain current telemetry. What is advantage of current telemetry over voltage telemetry? 6 2 2 2 4. Explain voltage transmission of signals along with advantages and disadvantages. 6 2 2 2 5. Explain 2- wire and 3- wire transmitters in detail. 6 2 2 2 6. What is significance of pneumatic signal transmission? How the pneumatic signal is transmitted? Explain any one pneumatic signal transmission technique Write short notes on 1. DPT 2. Electronic DP cell 3. Smart transmitters 4. Digital sensors What is sensor compensation and linearization technique? Why it is necessary? A temperature sensor, thermocouple, gives a voltage proportional to temperature with a sensitivity 0.5 mv/oC. The sensor has an output resistance of 2.0 kΩ. If the sensor is connected to an amplifier with an input resistance of 5 kΩ and gain of 200, find the amplifier output for a temperature of 100oC, a. Neglecting the loading effects. b. Taking loading effects into account. The resistance of sensor varies from 5 kΩ to 20 kΩ for a dynamic variable over a range. If the sensor is connected in a divider circuit with constant resistance of 15 kΩ and supply voltage 10V, then find a. The minimum and maximum of output voltage, b. The range of output impedance, c. The range of power dissipated by the sensor. A Wheatstone bridge circuit has resistance of R1= R2= R3=5.00 KΩ and R4= 5.5 KΩ and a 10.00 V power supply. If a galvanometer with a 100 Ω internal resistance is used for a detector, find the offset current. A current balance bridge, as shown in figure below, has resistors R1= R2= 15 KΩ and R3=2 KΩ, R4=1.5KΩ. Assuming the impedance of the null detector very high, find the current required 4 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 QN Questions 1. 2. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 8 CO Making Scheme 2 Explanation: 4 2 Explanation: 4 Advantages:2 Disadvantages:2 Figure: 2 Explanation: 3 Advantages:1 Figure: 2 Explanation: 2 Advantages:1 Disadvantages:1 Figure: 2 Explanation: 4 Explanation: 4 Explanation: 4 Figure:2 Types:2 Definition:1 Figure: 1 or 2 Explanation: 2 or 4 4 or 6 each 2 1 1 6 2 2 1 Explanation: 4 Necessity:2 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 2 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 2 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 2 1 Stepwise answer is expected QN Questions Marks Unit No. BLOOM S Level (1-6) CO Making Scheme to null the bridge if R3 changes by 5Ω. The supply voltage is 10V. 14. A current balance bridge, shown in figure beloe has R1= R2= 5 KΩ and R3=2 KΩ, R4=1800Ω, R5=200Ω and a high impedance null detector. Fond the current required to null the bridge if R3 changes by 5Ω. The supply voltage is 10V. 6 2 2 1 Stepwise answer is expected 15. Temperature is to be measure in the range of 250oC to 450oC with an accuracy of +2oC. The sensor is a resistance that varies linearly from 280Ω to 1060Ω for this temperature range. Power dissipated in the sensor must be kept below 5mW. Develop a analog signal conditioning that provides a voltage varying linearly from -5 to+5V for this temperature range. The load is a high impedance recorder. 16. A process signal varies from 4 to 20 mA. 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected The set point is 9.5 mA. Use a current-tovoltage converter and summing amplifier to get a voltage error signal with a scale factor of 0.5V/mA. 17. Sensor resistor varies from 25 to 1.5kΩ as a variable changes from 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 to 𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 . Design a signal conditioning system that provides an output voltage varying from -2 to +2V as the variable changes from min to max. Power Dissipation in the sensor must be kept below 2.5mW. 18. A pressure sensor output s a voltage varying as a 100 mA/psi and has 2.5 kΩ output impedance. Develop a signal conditioning to provide 0 to 2.5 V as the pressure varies 50 to 150 psi. 19. Temperature is measured by a sensor with an output of 0.02V/oC. Determine the required ADC reference and word size to measure 0o to 100oC with 0.1oC resolution. 20. A measurement of temperature using a sensor that outputs 6.5mV/oC must measure to 100oC. A 6-bit ADC with a 10V reference is used. a. Develop a circuit to interface the sensor and the ADC. b. Find the temperature resolution. 6 2 BLOOM S Level (1-6) 3 21. Pressure from 50 to 400psi is converted to voltage by the relation 1/ 2 V 0.385[ P] 2.722 This is input to an ADC with 5V reference, which provides 00H to FFH over the pressure range. A program uses instruction DV=UDF(1) to input data from the ADC as base 10 number DV that varies from 0 to 255 over the pressure range. Develop a linearization equation to give a quantity p, in the program that is equal to the actual pressure. 22. A sensor provides temperature data as 360μV/oC. Develop a comparator circuit that goes high when the temperature reaches 530oC. 23. A DAS has an ADC of 8 bits with a 0 to 2.5 V range of input for 00H to FFH output (i.e. , FEH to FFH occurs at 2.50V). Inputs are temperature from 20oC to 10020oC scaled at 40mV/oC, pressure from 1 to 100 psi scaled at 100mV/psi, and flow from 30 to 90 gal/min scaled at 150 mV/(gal/min). Develop a block diagram of the required signal conditioning so that each of these can be connected to the DAS and so that the indicated variable range corresponds to 00H to FFH. Specify the resolution of each in terms of the change in each variable that corresponds to an LSB change in the ADC output. 24. A digital control systems is to provide regulation of pressure within 1.2kPa in the range of 30 to 780 kPa. How many bits must be used for the data acquisition? 25. A type-K TC with 20oC reference will be used to measure temperature from 200oC to 280oC in a computer controller application. The data acquisition hardware and software make the actual measure voltage, in a mV, available in software as a variable VTC. Devise a flowchart and/or program in the language of your choice that makes the reference correction and performs linearization by table look-up interpolation. Use table values in 5oC increments for a type K TC with a 0oC reference. 26. A pressure sensor outputs 2.5mV/kPa, but there is 60Hz noise of a steady peak 55mV on the line. Pressure in the range 0.0 to 70kPa must be converted by an ADC and presented to a computer. The resolution must be at least 0.2kPa. a. Design a system of filter, signal 6 2 6 QN Questions Marks Unit No. CO Making Scheme 1 Stepwise answer is expected 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected 6 2 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected QN Questions conditioning, and ADC specifications to satisfy this requirement. b. Suppose the pressure suddenly changed from 20 to 50kPa. How long would it be before the ADC presented the correct digital signal for this pressure to the computer? 27. A system is presented in fig. below to provide computer temperature control. The heater requires a voltage from 0.0 to 5.0V for OFF (0%) to full ON (100%). The following algorithm will be used by the computer to determine the heater setting: Marks 6 Unit No. 2 BLOOM S Level (1-6) CO 3 1 Making Scheme Stepwise answer is expected Unit 3 QN Questions Marks Unit No. 3 BLOOM S Level (1-6) 2 CO 1. Explain PID controller in detail 8 2. 3. What is Integral windup? What is proportional controller? What are its advantages and disadvantages? 4 6 3 3 2 2 1 1 4. What is PI controller? What are its advantages and disadvantages? 6 3 2 1 5. What is PD controller? What are its advantages and disadvantages? 6 3 2 1 6. 7. Why derivative controller is not use alone? What are the tuning methods of PID controller? 2 8 3 3 2 3 1 1 8. What is digital PID? Explain in detail with algorithm 8 3 2 1 9. What is analog PID? Explain in detail with appropriate circuit diagram 8 3 2 1 10. Explain cascade control with suitable example. 8 3 2 1 11. Explain Microprocessor based suitable examples. with 8 3 2 1 12. An 8-bit DAC has a Vref of 10 V. The binary input is 10011011. Find the analog output voltage. 4 3 2 1 Stepwise answer is expected 13. Explain PAC in detail. 8 3 2 1 14. Explain different types of mechanical switches 6 3 1 1 15. Explain VFD along with energy conservation 8 3 2 1 6 each 3 2 1 Definition:2 Figure: 2 Explanation: 4 Explanation: 2 Advantages:2 Disadvantages:2 Figure: 2 Explanation: 4 Energy conservation:2 Definition:1 Figure: 2 Explanation: 3 8 3 2 1 Principle: 2 Explanation: 4 Examples:2 4 3 3 1 Stepwise answer is expected control 1 Marking Scheme scheme through VFD 16. Write short notes on 1. Stepper Motor Definition:2 Figure: 2 Explanation: 4 Explanation: 4 Explanation: 2 Advantages:2 Disadvantages:2 Explanation: 2 Advantages:2 Disadvantages:2 Explanation: 2 Advantages:2 Disadvantages:2 Explanation: 2 Explanation: 4 Types:4 Definition:2 Figure: 2 Explanation: 4 Definition:2 Figure: 2 Explanation: 4 Definition:2 Figure: 2 Explanation: 4 Definition:2 Figure: 2 Explanation: 4 2. Servo motor 3. BLDC motor 17. On what principle pneumatic actuators work? Explain pneumatic actuators with suitable examples 18. Suppose a force of 400N must be applied to open a valve. Find the diaphragm area if a control gauge pressure of 70KPa (~10psi) must provide this force. Questions Marks Find the working force resulting from 200N applied 4 3 BLOOM S Level (1-6) 3 6 3 3 QN 19. Unit No. CO Marking Scheme 1 Stepwise answer is expected 1 Stepwise answer is expected to a 1 cm radius forcing piston (a) If the working piston has a radius of 6 cm. Then (b) find the hydraulic pressure. 20. A spring-loaded single-acting cylinder has a diameter of 2 in. and a stroke of 2 in. The return spring has a spring constant of 3 lb/in. The available air pressure is 30 psi. What force can this cylinder supply to a load at the end of its stroke?