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Science Final Friday, June 10, 2016 The following is a guide to important terms & concepts discussed in Chemistry. There may be things not specifically stated that are on the final. You need to review all past quizzes and tests. Many questions will be pulled from those assessments. How to study? 1. 2. 3. 4. Review all past quizzes and tests (some ?’s will come directly from here). Reread all your notes. Familiarize yourself with all terms and concepts on the review guide. Use the text as a resource for any material that is not understood. Unit 1 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - Chapter 4 Define and give examples and properties of an element, compound, and mixture. Properties- Metal, Non-metal, Malleable, Ductile, Reactivity Symbol = Element Formula = Compound Ex: Element – Sodium Symbol – Na Properties Physical - Malleable, Soft, Silvery Metal Chemical – Highly reactive with water What is a pure substance? Examples Mixtures - Explain similarities and differences of solutions, suspensions, and colloids. For example: Does it settle? Scatter light? Can it be filtered? Mayo is a _________ Salt water is a _________Italian Salad Dressing is a ___________ Solutions- Dilute vs. Concentrated (Saturated) Components - Solvent and solute Know the factors that affect the rate of a solution. Effervescence Explain an isotope (C-12 compared with C-13) Physical vs. Chemical Changes- Define and give examples of each. Unit 2 Atoms Chapter 11 Parts of an atom - This includes location, charge, and relative mass What does A.M.U. mean? This was developed based on????? Greek word for atom is……………… meaning…………………. Proton, Neutron, & Electron – Must know mass, location, and charge of each. Ex: Nucleus – center of the atom Proton – found in the nucleus, positive charge, 1 AMU Electron – found outside the nucleus, negative charge, 1/1600 AMU Nucleus Theory Model Ion Be able to briefly explain or identify the contributions of the following scientists to the atomic theory: Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr and the Electron Cloud. Be able to explain the difference between mass number and atomic mass Unit 3 Periodic Table Chapter 12 Who developed the first table? How was it organized? Identify how the modern table is organized and what information it contains Ex: symbols, atomic number, atomic mass, group and……….. Describe the difference between a group and a row? Know characteristics of metals, non-metals and metalloids Label each group and know the main properties of each For example: alkaline metals- highly reactive, never found uncombined, one valence electron Solve atomic trivia Where are the lanthanides and actinides placed? Why? Unit 4 Chemical Reactions Chapter 14 What are the clues a chemical reaction may be taking place? Define Chemical Reaction Compare a chemical symbol, formula and chemical equation Know the parts of a chemical equation Be able to balance chemical equations Law of Conservation of Mass Explain the difference between a subscript and coefficient. Describe the four types of chemical reactions Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement……………….. Identify and write examples of each Exothermic and Endothermic reactions Describe the factors that affect the rate of a reaction (temperature, surface area, etc.) Explain activation energy with examples How do a catalyst and inhibitor affect chemical reactions Additional science vocabulary and concepts Chemical Compounds What is a chemical bond? What are valence electrons? Be able to explain the OCTET RULE. Safety Rules - What should you do several times before beginning a lab or activity? Read the directions Basic Metric Measurements What is Length? Mass? Volume? Density? Temperature? What is the measurement tool and basic unit of measure for each of the above? For example - Length is measured with a ruler and the basic unit is the meter. SCIENCE VOCABULARY For example Variable Law vs. Theory Scientific method Model Hypothesis Density Labs and Demonstrations Instant HOT/COLD Pack Elephant’s Toothpaste Solar Bag *** There will be a few questions from the HEAT Unit (Chapter 10). Please review the study guide online.
