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WORLD HISTORY Red Flag Questions Pages 33-37 CHAPTER 2: THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST SECTION 1: Mesopotamia and Sumer 4000 BC – 550 BC By the end of this section, you will be able to answer these questions: 1. How did geography promote civilization in Mesopotamia? 2. What feature defined the civilization of Sumer? 3. What were Sumer’s main cultural achievements? 4. What events led to later empires in Mesopotamia? GEOGRAPHY PROMOTES CIVILIZATION What is the Fertile Crescent and where is it located? Mesopotamia What made the soil in the Fertile Crescent so fertile? culture What were some of the challenges that farmers faced in Mesopotamia? How were people in Mesopotamia able to control both flooding and drought? How did the development of methods to control water lead to the formation of government? SUMER The Cities of Sumer Why were cities in Sumer built from mud bricks instead of other materials? What was a ziggurat and why was it built? city-states What led to fighting among the city-states? Religion and Government polytheism What did Sumerians believe about their gods? How did the Sumerians try to please their gods? Who ruled over the city-state at the beginning? Who took over? dynasty SUMERIAN CULTURES What was the significance of the development of the first writing system? Writing cuneiform What was the initial purpose of cuneiform writing? Epic of Gilgamesh Why did scribes move up the social class? Math and Sciences What number was the Sumerian math system based on? What practical uses do we have today because of their system? Why was learning geometry important? What were the Sumerian scientific inventions? The Arts What architectural achievements are found in the ziggurats? Describe a Sumerian statue. cylinder seals Trade and Society Why was trade important to Sumer? Describe the distinct social hierarchy that developed. What roles did men and women have in Sumerian society? EMPIRES IN MESOPOTAMIA Sargon’s Empire Sargon I How was Sargon I able to conquer all of Sumer and northern Mesopotamia? What is an empire? How did Sargon’s empire come to an end? The Babylonian Empire Hammurabi What skills did Hammurabi have that made him an effective leader? Hammurabi’s Code Why was this code important?
