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Download Chapter 27 – The Planets and the Solar System
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Chapter 27 – The Planets and the Solar System I. The Inner Planets A. Two Planetary Neighborhoods 1. Inner Planets – Mercury, Venus, _______, Mars a. All have _____________ crust b. Dense mantle layers and ____________ c. Because of their Earth like appearance they are also known as ___________________ planets 2. Outer Planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto a. 1st four are called ___________ – or __________ like b. very large gaseous planets with ____ _________ crust c. low ___________________ due to size d. have ______________ systems e. Pluto is an oddball – not _______ enough to be terrestrial; too ____________ to be Jovian B. Mercury 1. Nearest to the Sun 2. Orbits the sun in _______ days 3. ________________ of terrestrials 4. Mercury surface resembles the _____________ 5. Rotates every __________ ____________ 6. ________________ – day 400°C; night –200°C C. Venus – ____________ Sister Planet – 2nd planet from the Sun 1. Near each other similar in diameter, mass and ________ 2. Venus is the only planet to __________ from east to west 3. _________________ every 243 days 4. Orbits every ____________ days 5. Thick yellow clouds make surface impossible to see 6. ____________________ radar mapped it 7. _________________ system 8. Yellow clouds made of ____________ acid 9. Surface is hot due to ________________ effect (CO2) causing surface to be ___________°C 10. Visible from Earth in the morning or early _____________ – “evening star” D. Mars – ______ planet from the Sun 1. 687 day orbit 2. Axis tilted about the same as earth’s giving it ____________. However they are 2 times as long 3. Very thin atmosphere (1% of Earth’s) mostly ________ 4. Has ice caps – thought to be _________covered by frozen ____________ 5. Spacecraft have photographed and landed on Mars surface 6. Largest known _________________ in the solar system “Olympus Mons” 7. Has a valley system suggesting __________ once ran on its surface 8. Page 543, 5 Martian landings II. Outer Planets A. _____________ Planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune 1. Much _________ than terrestrials – smallest, Uranus, is 15 times more massive than earth 2. No _________ surfaces – their “surface” is an uppermost gas layer 3. Composed mainly of light elements _____ and _____ All Jovian planets have ring systems B. Jupiter – 5th Planet from the Sun 1. _________ year orbit 2. 10 hour rotation 3. has __________ more mass than all the other planets combined 4. radiates 2 times as much energy back into space as it receives from the ___________________ 5. Galileo probe entered Jupiter’s atmosphere in 1995 – found no thick ________ and higher than expected temperatures C. Saturn – 6th planet from the Sun 1. _____________year orbit 2. 10 hour _________________ 3. lowest density of all planets, less than ________ 4. Saturn also radiates ___________ ___________ than it receives from the sun, like Jupiter it has internal heat sources D. Uranus – 7th planet from the sun 1. _______ year orbit 2. 17.2 hour _____________ 3. it’s rotational axis is _____________ almost completely over 4. It’s magnetic field is ________ _____________ E. Neptune – 8th planet (most of the time) 1. __________ year orbit 2. ____________16.1 hours 3. Neptune was found after astronomers predicted its location _________________________ in 1846 4. Winds over 2000 km/hr 5. Becomes the 9th planet when Pluto is taken close to the Sun due to Pluto’s highly _______________orbit F. Pluto 1. __________ year orbit 2. smallest planet in the ______________ _____________ 3. Its moon, Charon, is _______ its size 4. Most of its atmosphere is frozen. However, it _________ slightly when it nears the sun III. Planetary Satellites (moons) A. Satellites of Earth and Mars 1. Earth has one __________ 2. Mars has 2 tiny moons, _____________ and Phobos 3. Phobos circles mars ________ times a day 4. ___________ and ____________ have no satellites B. Jupiter’s Moons 1. At least ________ 2. Galilean moons – Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto are the 4 largest discovered by __________________ 3. Io is geologically active a. ______________ active volcanoes b. No signs of ___________impacts c. Galileo spacecraft found it has an __________ core surrounded by a molten _______________ rock d. Heat on _______ is caused by tidal forces from Jupiter 4. Europa a. Surface is thought to be frozen ___________ b. It is thought liquid water may exist under the_______ 5. Ganymede – the _________ a. Larger than Pluto and __________________ b. Surface of ____________ 6. Callisto – most heavily _________ object in the solar system C. Saturn’s Moons 1. At least __________moons 2. Largest is _____________ a. Only moon in solar system to have a substantial ___________________ D. Uranus’s Moons 1. At least ___________ 2. 5 major moons are Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel, and _________________ a. all lack atmosphere and are heavily cratered E. Neptune’s Moons 1. At least 13 moons – Triton is the largest IV. Solar System Debris A. Comets and TNOs (Trans ___________________ Objects) 1. Comets described as dirty snowballs a. Spend most of their time beyond the ________ of Neptune b. Do not become visible until they travel inside _______________ orbit c. Has 2 parts, ___________ and tail d. Tail always points ___________ from the sun due to solar winds e. Most famous comet is _____________, it appears once every 76 years – last visit ___________ B. Asteroids – solid rocklike masses 1. Uneven surface causes their _______________to change 2. Revolve same direction as ___________ 3. Most in asteroid belt between Mars and ___________ C. Meteors and Meteoroids 1. ________________ – rock or ice fragment traveling in space, they differ from asteroids in that they are smaller in _________________ 2. ___________________ – when a meteoroid enters earth’s atmosphere and burns up “shooting star” 3. Meteor shower – occurs when earth passes into debris left by a _________ that crossed earth’s path – very predictable, named after the _____________ in the background. D. Meteorite 1. A large meteoroid that survives earth’s _________________and strikes its surface 2. 3 types a. __________ – resemble earth’s rocks, mostly made of silicates 95% b. ____________ – mostly iron 5% c. _________________ irons <1% 3. Most found in the ice of _____________________ E. Impact Craters – bowl shaped depressions that remain after a meteor or other object strikes ____________ 1. ____________ on earth because a. The ____________ burns up most meteoroids b. ________ is geologically active 2. Best known is Barringer ____________ _________in AZ