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ScienceAsia 36(1): 6-11. 2010 Laboratory studies on control of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais by the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae Chaisaeng, P.a , Chongrattanameteekul, W.b , Visarathanonth, P.c , Vajarasathiara, B.d a Company Limited, Bangplad, Bangkok 10700, Thailand Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand c Postharvest Technology Research and Development Group, Postharvest and Product Processing Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok 10900, Thailand d Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand b Abstract Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard), a cosmopolitan parasitoid, attacks several beetle pests of stored products, including the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky). Two laboratory experiments were conducted at ambient conditions (25-29 °C, 60-70% RH, natural photoperiod). A short-term experiment evaluated the density of A. calandrae (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 per box) for the optimal production of parasitoids in 3825-cm 3 boxes containing milled rice. The percentage of parasitoid emergence was highest and the percentages of weevil emergence and parasitoid-induced mortality i.e., parasitoid mortality resulting from superparasitism were relatively low with 16 females per box rather than with smaller (0 to 12) or larger (20) numbers of females added per box. The decline in parasitoid emergence at the highest parasitoid density tested (20 females per box) was probably due to superparasitism. A long-term experiment was conducted to determine the parasitoid densities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 per bottle) that most effectively suppress weevils in milled rice during 6 months of storage in 1-1 bottles. To simulate repetitive release of parasitoid, the same number of parasitoids was introduced after each monthly sampling. The number of maize weevils decreased as parasitoid density increased. The best control was obtained with 10 female parasitoids per bottle. At this density, the number of emerged weevil remained stable from the third to the sixth month. Based on the short-term experiment, a parasitoid-host ratio of 1:47 will produce the largest number of parasitoids. Based on the long-term experiment, a parasitoid-host ratio of 1:30 will provide the best control of maize weevils in a monthly release program. The current results indicate that large-scale experiments on biological control of the maize weevil with A. calandrae are now needed. Keywords: Biological control; Ectoparasitoid; Induced mortality; Repetitive release Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science 43(2):261-268. 2009 Biological control of the coconut hispine beetle, brontispa longissima gestro (coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by the parasitoid, asecodes hispinarum bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on a golf course Pundee, T.a , Jamornmarn, S.a , Chongrattanameteekul, W.a , Sindhusake, C.b , Winotai, A.b , Morakote, R.b a Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand b Plant Protection Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Abstract The coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima Gestro is an invasive pest in Southeast Asia. Since chemical control of the beetle is not recommended due to its high cost and risk to the environment, biological control is a desirable tool for effective control of this pest. This experiment was conducted at the Panya Indra golf course, Bangkok in 2007 using the parasitoid, Asecodes hispinarum Bouček, an effective larval parasitoid. The number of parasitoids released was based on the density of the damaged coconut trees. Continual releases were made in and around the area. Mummified larvae were counted once a month by selecting 20 infested spear leaves. The parasitoids were observed five months after release. The mummified larvae were collected in June, August and November and the percentage parasitized was found to be 13.48%, 8.58% and 14.08%, respectively. Severe, leaf damage levels decreased in December. The results showed that the new coconut palm leaves were fresh with less damage. A population study of B. longissima was also undertaken by randomly sampling 20 spear leaves. High and low population levels were observed from March to June and from July to December, respectively Keywords: Asecodes hispinarum Boucek; Biological control; Brontispa longissima Gestro; Invasive specie Thai J. Agric. Sci. 30, pp. 365-378. 1997 Proceedings of the AVNET-II Final Workshop, 1–6 September 1996, Bangkok, Thailand. 1997. 433-434. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center Shanhua, Taiwan. Mass rearing of diamondback moth parasitoids. Collaborative Vegetable Research in Southeast Asia. Keinmeesuke, P., J. Piriyapol, L. Ngamwongthum, and W. Chongrattanameteekul. Proceedings, the Second Pacific Rim Conference on Biotechnology of Bacillus Thuringiensis and Its Impact to the Environment , pp. 82-102.1996 Isolation, PCR identification and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis strains in Thailand Attatom, T., Isanont, P., Siriyan, R., Chongrattanameteekul, W. Bulletin of Entomological Research 85: 167-173. 1995 Morphological diversity and toxicity of delta-endotoxin produced by various strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Tipvadee Attathoma1 c1, Wiboon Chongrattanameteekula1, Jariya Chanpaisanga1 and Ratchanee Siriyana1 a1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Abstract Local isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from infected rice stemborers, soils, rice bran and rice mill dust. Of 83 isolates serotyped by B. thuringiensis Hantisera, 13 serotypes were identified. Those serotypes were assigned to B. thuringiensis of subspecies canadensis, galleriae, kenyae, kurstaki, neoleonensis, aizawai, alesti, entomocidus, tochigiensis and tolworthi. Three serotypes, 3a:3c:3d, 5a:5b/21 and 17/27, were unnamed and portend to be new subspecies. Morphological studies of delta-endotoxin or crystal protein of each subspecies showed significant differences in size and shape. Bipyramidal crystals, spherical and cuboidal crystals and the combinations of these structures were observed. Toxicity of sporulated cultures and isolated crystal proteins of B. thuringiensis strains to five species of economically important insects were determined using diet incorporation bioassays. Extracted crystal proteins from certain B. thuringiensis subspecies were highly toxic to some insect species. These have the potential of providing alternative strategies for utilizing B. thuringiensis for controlling insects. Bacillus thuringiensis Biotechnology and Environmental Benefits 1, pp. 69-86.1995 Bacillus thuringiensis isolation, identification and bioassay Attathom, T., Chanpaisang, J., Chongrattanameteekul, W. J. Appl. Entomol. 111, pp. 361-364.1991 Feeding behavior of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hom., Aphididae) on wheat as affected by conspecific and interspecific interactions Chongrattanameteekul, W., Foster, J.E., Shukle, R.H., Araya, J.E. Abstract The feeding behavior of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion avenae (F.) was electronically monitored on wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell., cv. ‘Caldwell’) infested at various densities. Conspecific competition caused an increase in non-probing time and a decrease in probing/ingestion time for R. padi, but not for S. avenae when the density of aphids was increased from 1 to 8 individuals per plant. Interspecific competition with S. avenae did not significantly (P < 0.10) affect feeding behavior of R. padi, but the presence of R. padi on the plant resulted in fewer probes, shorter non-probing time, and longer probing/ingestion time for S. avenae. These data indicate that conspecific competition is more important in the feeding behavior of R. padi than of S. avenae. Interaction between the two species appeared to facilitate the feeding behavior of S. avenae. Journal of Applied Entomology 111, pp. 249-253. 1991 Biological interactions between the cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hom., Aphididae) on wheat Chongrattanameteekul, W., Foster, J.E., Araya, J.E. Abstract Longevity and fecundity of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), and the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), reared at various densities on caged wheat plants were observed under laboratory conditions. On heading plants, R. padi responded to intraspecific competition by having a significantly shorter life and lower fecundity. When infested with 4 R. padi + 4 S. avenae on the same plant, S. avenae had either no effect or a positive effect on longevity and fecundity of R. padi. The presence of R. padi on wheat sedlings, however, appeared to increase longevity and fecundity of S. avenae. Both species had reduced longevity and fecundity when 16 R. padi + 16 S. avenae were placed on the same plant. The bird cherry-oat aphid preferred lower parts of the heading plant, while the English grain aphid preferred the plant head. The presence of the two species did not affect the spatial distribution of each aphid species on the plant. Only when crowded by its own species, S. avenae spread downward to avoid intraspecific competition on the wheat head.