* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Insight therapies
Survey
Document related concepts
Bipolar II disorder wikipedia , lookup
History of psychiatric institutions wikipedia , lookup
History of mental disorders wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of psychiatry wikipedia , lookup
Controversy surrounding psychiatry wikipedia , lookup
Mental status examination wikipedia , lookup
Antipsychotic wikipedia , lookup
Separation anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Generalized anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Substance dependence wikipedia , lookup
Behavioral theories of depression wikipedia , lookup
Psychedelic therapy wikipedia , lookup
Abnormal psychology wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Psychoanalysis Therapies “Unearths the past in hope of unmasking the present” Freud: usually lie on the couch Root of all problems is in unconscious conflicts Imbalance in id, ego, and superego Conscious insight can resolve conflicts ○ Free association Resistance: when you hesitate, you are filtering; that’s a clue that anxiety lurks, covering sensitive material ○ Interpretation of resistance Psychologist points out these hesitations and gives insight ○ Dream interpretation Latent content of the manifest content Transference Transferring feelings (+/-) to your therapist Humanistic Therapies Help clients reach self-actualization! People have free will to determine their own destiny Issue arises when there’s an interference; low self-esteem, low confidence How does therapy help? recognizing patients own freedom, enhancing their self-esteem & realizing their fullest potential Humanistic Therapies Carl Rogers Carl Rogers used client centered therapy Patient brings up topics, not therapist (nondirective) Therapist says very little, but does actively listen ○ Reflection of feelings: reflective listening, therapist paraphrases the clients words, capturing the emotional tone so they can see and hear themselves Therapist provides unconditioned positive regard ○ Complete acceptance of a person regardless of actions or opinions Goal of therapy? ○ Help patient to accept and take responsibility Cognitive Therapies Promotes rational thinking Aaron Beck Gentle questioning reveals irrational thinking, then persuades people to view life through a clearer lens We think in words; change what we say to ourselves ○ Stress Inoculation Training: teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations Psychological problems arise from unhealthy thinking REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy) Albert Ellis, taught the reality of the situation Failure is unlikely, but if it did occur, it wouldn’t be that big of a deal Behavioral Therapies undesirable behaviors have been learned, and therefore, can be unlearned Focus on the problem behaviors rather than inner thoughts, motives or emotions Counterconditioning: pairs the triggered stimulus with a calming response instead of an anxious one Think Little Albert…he should have been counter conditioned but never was :( They should have paired the stimulus (white fuzzy rabbit) with a calming response How to countercondition? Use exposure therapy! Systematic desensitization: (Joseph Wolpe) can’t be relaxed and anxious at the same time so replace feelings of anxiety with Progressive relaxation: imagine the fear, one muscle group at a time relax until the anxiety goes away Exposure therapy: slowly expose people to their fears and with time they become less anxious Anxiety Hierarchy; Being scared of spiders THIS METHOD IS ONLY USED FOR HARMLESS STIMULI Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy A combo of the two Aaron Beck (used mainly for depression) Since thinking colors our feelings; think more positive and it will lift your mood Combines a cognitive emphasis on thoughts & attitudes with behavioral strategies. Modify irrational self-talk, set attainable behavioral goals and develop realistic strategies for attaining them Develop new skills and a sense of self-efficacy (measure of one’s ability to reach goals) Group Therapy AA Groups, Self-help (don’t even need a therapist!) Important to know you are not alone! Family therapy: treat the family as a unit Each member discovers their role Improves communication Somatic Therapies Biomedical; therapy that produces bodily change Physically changing brain function by altering its chemistry Psychopharmacology: (1950’s) study of drug effects on mind and behavior In studies, must be a double blind procedure Accounts for placebo effect & expectations of patients/doctors Somatic Therapies Disclaimer Do not self diagnose This is a classroom; objective, gain knowledge Do not take any of these drugs without the consultation of a medical doctor Remember one person’s appropriate dose is another’s overdose Each drug has numerous debilitating side effects including, suicidal thoughts, organ failure….hence the medical doctor! Somatic Therapies Antipsychotic Drugs (Schizophrenia) Clozapine: awakens the negative symptoms Haloperidol: calms the positive symptoms Occupy receptor sites and block dopamine activity What happens when it blocks too much? Side effects resemble Parkinson’s disease (twitches, tremors, sluggishness) Tardive dyskinesia: neurotoxic side effects; involuntary movements of facial muscles, tongue, limbs Somatic Therapies Antidepressant Drugs (mood disorder) Antianxiety calm you down, antidepressants lift you up Increases available norepinephrine & serotonin SSRI’s: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil Blocks reabsorption and removal from the synapse Using a patch has less side effects (bypasses the intestines and liver) Somatic Therapies Antidepressant Drugs Suicide on antidepressants….why? Tend to increase suicide rates in the short run but decrease them in the long run Most effective is combining medication with cognitive therapy. Placebos that mimic the side effects, were often proven as effective as the real drug Somatic Therapies Antianxiety Drugs (Anxiety disorder) Xanax & Valium (Barbiturates) Depresses the central nervous system (warning label always states to never mix with alcohol) Tend to reduce symptoms without solving the underlying problem can produce dependence may experience withdrawal symptoms Somatic Therapies Natural Remedies to antianxiety & antidepressants Aerobic Exercise Calms people who have anxiety Energizes those with moderate depression ○ releases endorphins Proper balance of magnesium (small piece of chocolate) Green tea (increases GABA and dopamine) Omega-3 Fatty Acids (fish oil) Somatic Therapies Bipolar disorder Lithium carbonate is powerful in stabilizing bipolar disorder (salt) Can treat the manic episodes but not the depressive Not sure how it works ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy) First introduced in 1938 Electric current sent through one or both brain hemispheres Briefly lose memory, change blood flow Rarely used today Only used for severe depression when drugs didn’t work Like restarting a computer which solves the problem Maybe shock induced seizures calm neurons Most people relapse after several months Psychosurgery USED AS A LAST RESORT! Purposeful destruction of the brain to alter behavior Egas Moniz (1930s) lobotomy: cut main neurons to frontal lobe to calm patient Concept was to disconnect emotion from thought, but left people permanently lethargic, uncreative person Moniz was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize During 1950s 35,000 people were lobotomized in USA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0aNILW6ILk