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Integrated Water Resource Management and its implications for the energy sector in Tajikistan PPCR Workshop on Climate Resilience and the Energy Sector 6-7 March 2012, Dushanbe Steering Committee 12 November 2007 1 IWRM is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems (Dublin 1992, GWP) Ecological integrity Sustainability Social equity Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Economic growth 2 IWRM guiding principles Consider all water uses jointly and balance the effect on each other Manage jointly water quality and quantity Public Participation in all phases from planning to implementation Decision making on the lowest appropriate level Women play an important role Basins/hydrological boundaries as management areas Flexible/adaptable to the specific needs Steering Committee 12 November 2007 3 Agreement on IWRM for Tajikistan (April 2011) Adoption of IWRM guiding principles (all sectors, joint quantity and quality management, participation, decision making at lowest adequate level) Basin approach, hydraulic boundaries Separation of functions between Policy making and regulatory Operational Steering Committee 12 November 2007 4 Steering Committee 12 November 2007 5 Steering Committee 12 November 2007 6 Water and Energy Becoming more of a topic of interest due to: relatively large consumption of energy by the water sector, e.g. • In the UK 5% of all energy consumed (mainly for drinking water and sewerage systems) • In India 6% of the energy used is for pumping groundwater for irrigation • In Tajikistan this might well be even higher due to the large pumped systems Increasing tendency to use irrigation for the growing of bio fuel crops Steering Committee 12 November 2007 7 Energy in Tajikistan 98% of the energy produced is through hydropower mainly generated by large dams and turbines There is a large potential to increase the energy production from hydropower due to: suitable geography and geology large annual amount of internal renewable water resources (> 60 km3 ) Therefore in this presentation effects of large dams on various sub-sectors are evaluated Given the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on the hydropower generation potential, it is advisable to re-evaluate reliance on hydropower only Steering Committee 12 November 2007 8 Overview of interactions Energy Irrigation Inter-relations between energy & irrigation Impact on evaluated interrelation Drier scenario Ability to manage floods and releases Summer storage for winter power generation Over-use of energy for Steering Committee March 2012 irrigation PPCR-Tajikistan 12 November 2007 + - Wetter scenario + + - + - + 9 Use of energy for irrigation: Installed pumps for the irrigation of 30,000 Ha in Zafarabod Steering Committee 12 November 2007 10 Overview of interactions Energy Fishery Inter-relations between energy & fishery Migration of fish affected - Water quality is reduced (salinity, eutrophication, less aeration) - Steering Committee March 2012 Restocking PPCR-Tajikistan 12 November 2007 + Impact on evaluated interrelation Drier scenario Wetter scenario +/- +/- - + +/- +/- 11 Overview of interactions Energy Environment Inter-relations between energy & environment Impact on evaluated interrelation Increased erosion potential downstream - Fringes of reservoirs subject to waterlogging and salinity - Increased discharge + Steering Committee March 2012 PPCR-Tajikistan 12 November 2007 Drier scenario Wetter scenario + - - + +/- +/- 12 Overview of interactions Energy Tourism Inter-relations between energy & tourism Impact on evaluated interrelation Fishery - Water quality - Lake environments/physical aesthetics Steering Committee March 2012 PPCR-Tajikistan 12 November 2007 + Drier scenario Wetter scenario +/- +/- - + - + 13 Overview of interactions Energy Industry Inter-relations between energy & industry Impact on evaluated interrelation Reservoirs accumulate pollution - Power availability/reliability + Steering Committee March 2012 PPCR-Tajikistan 12 November 2007 Drier scenario Wetter scenario +/- +/- - + 14 Main interactions and climate change impacts Energy Disaster Management Inter-relations between energy & environment Impact on evaluated interrelation Drier scenario Wetter scenario Slope stability - + - Management of flow releases + +/- +/- Steering Committee March 2012 PPCR-Tajikistan 12 November 2007 15 Main interactions and climate change impacts Energy Disaster Management Inter-relations between energy & water & sanitation Impact on evaluated interrelation Impediment of sanitation due to waterlogging - Standing water bodies affect water quality and accumulate pollutants - Clusters of luxury accommodation might affect Steering Committee PPCR-Tajikistan March 2012 quality 12water November 2007 - Drier scenario Wetter scenario + - - +/- +/- +/16 Conclusions There are many interactions between reservoirs and various water sub-sectors Some potential impact of climate change was considered using two extreme scenarios: drier and wetter Due to the large variety of interactions it is not possible to identify which scenario leads to more positive or negative impacts and mitigation of one effect might lead to worsening of another Steering Committee 12 November 2007 17