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Download 33.2 – Folding and Faulting
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33.2 – Folding and Faulting 1. Movement of the plates causes stress within the plates a. Two plates moving towards each other that squeeze a plate in between is called compression b. Two plates moving away from each other that pull a plate apart is called tension 2. Plates deform under stress a. Deform = change shape i. elastic deformation means it deforms, but returns to its initial shape ii. plastic deformation means it does not return to its original shape 3. Folds a. folds are bends in the rock’s layers b. folds usually happen when tectonic plates collide 4. Faults a. A break in the rock. b. The rocks move past each other c. Quick movements in faults can cause Earthquakes d. Two types of faults i. Normal Faults 1. From Tension ii. Reverse Faults 1. From Compression iii. Strike – Slip Faults 1. Plates move past each other like a transforming boundary 33.3 Mountain Building 1. Folded Mountains a. Formed by the tectonic plate being pushed together (Compressed) on both sides b. Himalayas are formed this way i. Formed by the compression of the land from the Eurasian and Indian Plates 2. Fault-Block Mountains a. Formed by the tectonic plate being pulled apart b. The Grand Tetons are formed this way 3. Volcanoes a. Three types of volcanoes i. Shield Volcanoes 1. Erupt slowly with thin, runny lava called basaltic lava 2. They are not very tall, but very wide ii. Cinder Cone Volcanoes 1. They erupt quickly and violently and spray ash all over 2. They are small with steep sides iii. Composite Cone Volcanoes 1. The top is steep, but the lower part is not 2. Spray lava, ash and mud 4. Upwarped Mountains a. From magma pooling below the earth’s surface. b. The magma cools and becomes granite. After years of erosion the granite is exposed. c. The Black Hills in South Dakota are made this way 33.4 Plains and Plateaus 1. Plains a. Broad flat areas that are not much higher than sea level b. Often at the foot of a mountain. 2. Plateaus a. Broad flat areas that are at least 600 meters above sea level.
