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Transcript
Major Branches of Buddhism Theravada The path of mindfulness o Attempts to maintain the original teachings of Buddhism o Dominated by devotional practices o Theravadin monks live simple lives o Uses the Pali Canon as its central text o The three refuges: 1. The Buddha 2. Dharma 3. Sangha Mahayana The path of compassion and wisdom o Represents innovations in Buddhist thought o Seeks to liberate all beings and promotes wisdom and compassion o Includes many Buddha’s and Boddhisatvas o Uses a number of different holy texts to complement the Pali Canon o Sunyata: Emptiness and nothingness o Claims that the Buddha is a universal principle with 3 aspects: o The enlightened formless wisdom body o The celestial bliss body o The transformation body (Gautama Buddha) BRANCHES OF MAHAYANA Zen The great way of enlightenment o Attempts to recover the original experience of direct enlightenment o Maintains that all beings have Buddha-nature (insight into ones mind) within them Zazen: Rigorous sitting meditation Kensho: Sudden bursts of insight Koans: Paradoxical riddles “What is the sound of one hand clapping?” A monk asked Kegon, "How does an enlightened one return to the ordinary world?" Kegon replied, "A broken mirror never reflects again; fallen flowers never go back to the old branches.” Zen Poetry The old pond A frog leaps in. Splash! -Basho To what shall I liken the world? Moonlight, reflected In dewdrops, Shaken from a crane's bill -Dogen Zenji The wind has settled, the blossoms have fallen; Birds sing, the mountains grow dark -This is the wondrous power of Buddhism. -Ryokan Those who see worldly life as an obstacle to Dharma see no Dharma in everyday actions. They have not yet discovered that there are no everyday actions outside of Dharma. -Dogen Zenji Pure Land Devotion to Amida Buddha o Amida Buddha is the Buddha of “Infinite Light” o Followers pray to Amida to be able to be reborn in the pure land o Prayers involve repeating Amida’s name over and over o Offers an alternative path apart from Zen Buddhism Nchiren Salvation through the Lotus Sutra o The Lotus Sutra is another key Buddhist religious text o A thirteenth century Buddhist teacher named Nchiren founded this branch on the basis that the Lotus Sutra represents the highest form of Buddhism o Followers recite the Lotus Sutra to achieve enlightenment Vajrayana The Indestructible Path o Influenced by Tibet’s indigineous shamanic religion, “Bön,” and Tantric Yoga from India o Sometimes viewed as the third stage (vehicle) of Buddhist teaching o Practitioners are lead by Lamas (incarnations of Boddhisatvas who lead others to enlightenment) o Practices include: Deity Yoga Thangkas (paintings depicting Buddhist deities) Mandalas (Diagrams of the universe) Mantras
