Download LFS_208_Applied_Biology,_Nugent,_Gr._10,_13_pgs

EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Evolution — Adaptation
208 Applied Biology
Subject(s): Science
Days: 14
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
3.1.10.C2 Explain the role of mutations and gene recombination in
changing a population of organisms.
Unit Essential Question(s):
How do adaptations, mutations and recombinant DNA change a population
of organisms?
Concept:
Describe the theory suggesting
that life on Earth arose as a single,
primitive prokaryote about 4 billion
years ago and that for the next 2
billion years, a huge diversity of
single-celled organisms evolved.
Concept:
Analyze how increasingly complex
multicellular organisms evolved once
cells with nuclei developed.
Concept:
Describe how mutations in sex cells may
be passed on to successive generations
and that the resulting phonotype may
help, harm, or have little or no effect on
the offspring’s success in its
environment.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is a theory about the history
of life on earth?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How did multicellular organisms
develop from prokaryotes?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How are traits, good/bad/indifferent,
passed on?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Covered in previous sections
Covered in previous sections
Covered in previous sections
Concept:
Describe the relationship between
environmental changes and
changes in the gene pool of a
population.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does the environment affect
the gene pool of a population?
Vocabulary:
Gene Pool
Allele Frequency
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 1—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Evolution — Natural Selection
Days: 11
208 Applied Biology
Subject(s): Science
Grade(s):
Key Learning(s):
3.1.10.C1 Explain the mechanisms of biological evolution.
10 , 11
Instructional Tools:
Unit Essential Question(s):
What are the mechanisms that drive biological evolution?
Concept:
Describe species as reproductively
distinct groups of organisms.
Concept:
Analyze the role that geographic
isolation can play in speciation.
Concept:
Explain how evolution through natural
selection can result in changes in
biodiversity through the increase or
decrease of genetic diversity within a
population.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How are future generations of the
same species ensured?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does geographic isolation
impact speciation?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does natural selection impact
biodiversity?
Vocabulary:
Evolution
Fossils
Adaptation
Vocabulary:
Geographic Isolation
Adaptation
Fitness
Natural Selection
Biogeography
Vocabulary:
Darwin
Natural Selection
Lamarck
Artificial Selection
Concept:
Describe how the degree of kinship
between species can be inferred
from the similarity in their DNA
sequences.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How can DNA show the
relationships between different
species?
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 2—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Genetics — Biotechnology
Days: 9
208 Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10 , 11
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
3.1.10.B4 – Explain how genetic technologies have impacted the
field of medicine, forensics, and agriculture.
Unit Essential Question(s):
How has genetic engineering impacted medicine, forensics, and
agriculture?
Concept:
Concept:
Concept:
Explain how genetic technologies
have impacted the field of
medicine, forensics, and
agriculture.
Same
Same
Lesson Essential Questions:
Lesson Essential Questions:
Lesson Essential Questions:
How has the improved
technologies in genetics impacted
the field of medicine?
How has the improved technologies
in genetics impacted the field of
forensics?
How has the improved technologies in
genetics impacted the field of agriculture?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
PCR
Recombinant DNa
Splamids
Transgenic
Clones
Gene Therapy
DNA Fingerprinting
Forensics
DNA Microarray
From previous sections.
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 3—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Genetics — Heredity
Days: 24
208 Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
3.1.10.B1 Describe how genetic information in inherited and expressed.
Instructional Tools:
Unit Essential Question(s):
How are traits passed from generation to generation?
Concept:
Explain that the information
passed from parents to offspring is
transmitted by means of genes
with are coded in DNA molecules.
Concept:
Explain the basic process of DNA
replication.
Concept:
Describe the basic processes of
transcription and translation.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do offspring get their
characteristics and traits from the
previous generations?
Vocabulary:
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do new cells get a complete
set of DNA for function properly?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do transcription and translation
impact the function of the cell?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Concept:
Explain how crossing over,
jumping genes, and deletion and
duplication of genes results in
genetic variation.
Concept:
Explain how mutations can alter
genetic information and the
possible consequences on resultant
cells.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What happens if the DNA is
changed or mutated?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the effects of the
mutations?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
DNA
Trait
Punnett Square
Phenotype
Genotype
Probability
Genes P1 Generation
F1 Generation
F2 Generation
Mutations
Gene Mutations
Chromosomal Mutations
Deletions
Insertions
Translocations
Inversions
Point Mutations
Replication
Replication Forks
h-bonds
Enzymes
Nucleotides
Phosphates
Nitrogen Bases
Sugars
Double Helix
Transcription
Translation
Mrna
tRNA
rRNA
Codons
Anticodons
Triplets
Complementary Base Pairing
Genetic Diseases
Syndromes
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 4—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
COURSE:
208
Applied Biology
Unit:
Genetics — Molecular Basis for Life
Subject(s):
Science
Days:
20
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
3.1.10.B3 – Describe the basic structure of DNA and its function in
genetic inheritance AND describe the role of DNA in protein synthesis as
it relates to gene expression.
Unit Essential Question(s):
What is the structure and function of DNA and what role does it play in
protein synthesis?
Concept:
Describe the basic structure of
DNA, including the role of
hydrogen bonding.
Concept:
Explain how the process of DNA
replication results in the
transmission and conservation of
the genetic code.
Concept:
Describe how transcription and translation
result in gene expression.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the components of DNA
and how are they arranged?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is the process and purpose of
replication?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do transcription and translation
relate to gene expression?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Nucleotide
Nitrogen Bases
Complementary Base Pairing Hydrogen
Bonding
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Double Helix
Replication
Replication Forks
Enzymes
Triplets
Transcription
Codon
Uracil
Translation
Anti-Codon
Mrna
tRNA
rRNA
Concept:
Differentiate among the end
products of replication,
transcription, and translation.
Concept:
Cite evidence to support that the
genetic code is universal.
Concept:
Differentiate between the products of
transcription and translation and how they
are created.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the products of
replication, transcription, and
translation?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do we know that the genetic
code is universal?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the processes of transcription
and translation and how do they work
together to make proteins?
Vocabulary:
Proteins
mRNA
Vocabulary:
Covered in previous section.
Vocabulary:
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
Polymerase
Transcription
Translation
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 5—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Genetics — Reproduction
Days: 9
208
Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
3.1.10.B2 – Explain the process of meiosis resulting in the formation of
gametes. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
Unit Essential Question(s):
How are gametes formed and how do they compare to somatic cells?
Concept:
Concept:
Concept:
Describe how the process of
meiosis results in the formation of
haploid gametes and analyze the
importance of meiosis in sexual
reproduction.
Compare and contrast the function
of mitosis and meiosis.
Illustrate that the sorting and recombining
of genes is sexual reproduction results in
a great variety of possible gene
combinations in offspring.
Lesson Essential Questions:
Lesson Essential Questions:
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is the purpose and products
of meiosis?
What are the differences between
mitosis and meiosis?
What increases genetic variability and
how is that a benefit for living things?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Meiosis
Haploid
Diploid
Gametes
Zygote
Reduction Division
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Covered in a previous section.
Covered in a previous section.
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 6—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE: 208
Organisms and Cells — Cell Cycles
Days: 16
Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s): Describe the cell cycles and the significance and
process of mitosis.
Instructional Tools:
Unit Essential Question(s):
What is the cell cycle and why is it important?
Concept:
Summarize the stages of the cell
cycle.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the stages of the cell
cycle and their associated
structures?
Vocabulary:
Mitosis
Cycle
Interphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telephase
Anaphase
Poles
Spindle Fibers
Furrow
Microfilament
Concept:
Examine how interactions among
the different molecules in the cell
cause the distinct stages of the cell
cycle which can also be influenced
by other signaling molecules.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What role do contact inhibition and
growth factors have on the cell
cycle?
Vocabulary:
Cell Cycle
Contact Inhibition
Growth Factors
Concept:
Explain the role of mitosis in the
formation of new cells and its importance
in maintaining chromosome number
during asexual reproduction.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How is mitosis regulated to ensure the
correct chromosome number during
asexual reproduction?
Vocabulary:
Asexual Reproduction
Contact Inhibition
Growth Factors
Cancer
Carcinogen
Malignant
Tumor
Benign
Concept:
Compare and contrast a virus and
a cell. Relate the stages of viral
cycles to the cell cycle.
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 7—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
COURSE:
Unit: Organisms and Cells — Common Characteristics of Life
208 Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Days: 11
Key Learning(s):
3.1.10.A1
Instructional Tools:
All organisms share common characteristics of life.
Unit Essential Question(s):
What are the characteristics all living things share?
Concept:
Explain the characteristics of life
common to all organisms.
Concept:
Explain the characteristics of life
common to all organisms.
Concept:
Explain the characteristics of life common
to all organisms.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the characteristics of all
living things?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What structures do prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells have in common?
Lesson Essential Questions:
Why do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
have similar structures?
Vocabulary:
DNA
Stimulus
Homeostasis
Metabolism
Biology
Biosphere
Vocabulary:
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Lysosomes
Vesicles
RER
SER
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Ribosome
Cell
Centrioles
Golgi Bodies
Organelles
Vocabulary:
Cell Theory
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 8—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Organisms and Cells — Energy Flow
Days: 26
208
Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
3.1.10.A2: Explain cell processes in terms of chemical reactions and
energy changes.
Unit Essential Question(s):
How do living things obtain energy?
Concept:
Identify initial reactants, final
products, and general purposes of
photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the reactants and
products in photosynthesis and
respiration and why are those
reactions critical to life?
Vocabulary:
Concept:
Explain the important role of ATP in
cell metabolism.
Concept:
Describe the relationship between
photosynthesis and cellular respiration in
photosynthetic organisms.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is ATP and how is it used in
cell metabolism?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does a photosynthetic organism use
both photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Concept:
Explain why many biological
macromolecules such as ATP and
lipids contain high energy bonds.
Lesson Essential Questions:
Where does the energy from ATP
and lipids come from?
Concept:
Explain the importance of enzymes
as catalysts in cell reactions.
Concept:
Identify how factors such as pH and
temperature may affect enzyme function.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do enzymes help cells use
energy efficiently?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What factors affect how enzymes work?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
ATP
Lipids
Enzymes
Proteins
Catalyst
Substrate
Active Site
Ph
Temperature
Buffers
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Reactants
Products
Chemical Equations
ATP
Metabolism
Cellular Respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Glycolysis
NAD+
Kreb’s Cycle
Matrix
Fermentation
ATP
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Photosynthesis
Thylakoid
Stroma
NADP
Light Dependent rxn
Light Independent rxn
Photosystem
ETS
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 9—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Organisms and Cells — Form and Function
Days: 17
208
Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
3.1.10. A5 Relate life processes to sub-cellular and cellular structures to
their function.
Instructional Tools:
Unit Essential Question(s):
How do the organelles function and work together to maintain homeostasis in
cells?
Concept:
Relate the structure of cell
organelles to their function.
Concept:
Explain the role of water in cell
metabolism.
Concept:
Explain how the cell membrane functions
as a regulatory structure and protective
barrier for the cell.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the cell structures and
their functions?
Lesson Essential Questions:
Why is water so critical to the
metabolism of living things?
Vocabulary:
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
RER
SER
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Golgi Bodies
Vacuole
Vesicle
Vocabulary:
Solution
Solute
Solvent
Ph
Cohesion
Adhesion
Polarity
Lesson Essential Questions:
How is the cell membrane considered a
regulatory structure and a protective
barrier?
Vocabulary:
Selectively Permeable
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Carrier Proteins
Pores
Phospholipid
Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipid Bilayer
Concept:
Describe transport mechanisms
across the plasma membrane.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do molecules move across
the cell membrane?
Vocabulary:
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Homeostasis
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 10 —
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Organisms and Cells — Life Cycles
Days:
208 Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
3.1.10.A3: Compare and contrast the life cycles of single celled
organisms, multi-celled organisms and viruses.
Unit Essential Question(s):
How do the life cycles of single-celled organisms, multi-celled organisms,
and viruses compare?
Concept:
Concept:
Concept:
All organisms begin their life cycles
as a virus or a single cell and some
then develop into multi-celled
organisms.
All organisms begin their life cycles
as a virus or a single cell and some
then develop into multi-celled
organisms.
All organisms begin their life cycles as a
virus or a single cell and some then
develop into multi-celled organisms.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is the life cycle of a singlecelled organism?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is the life cycle of a multicelled organism?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is the life cycle of a virus?
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Cell Division
Mitosis
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Chromosome
Cell Cycle
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Chromatid
Centromere
Apoptosis
Vocabulary:
Capsid
Lysogenic Infection
Lytic Infection
Envelope
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 11 —
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Organisms and Cells — Molecular Basis of Life
Days: 16
208
Applied Biology
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
3.1.10. A7 – Describe the relationship between the structure of
organic molecules and the function they serve in living organisms.
Unit Essential Question(s):
What is the structure and function of organic compounds in and needed
by living things?
Concept:
Concept:
Concept:
Analyze the importance of carbon
to the structure of biological
macromolecules
Compare and contrast the functions
and structures of proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Explain the consequences of extreme
changes in pH and temperature on cell
proteins.
Lesson Essential Questions:
Lesson Essential Questions:
Lesson Essential Questions:
How can carbon bond so many
different ways?
What are the structure and
functions of each of the
macromolecules?
How do pH and temperature effect the
proteins in the cell?
Vocabulary:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Covalent Bonds
Ionic
Bonds
Ions
Vocabulary:
Monomers
Polymers
Amino Acids
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Nucleotides
Glycerol
Fatty Acids
Non-Polar
Vocabulary:
Enzymes
Catalysts
Ph
Temperature
Denature
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 12 —
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
Organisms and Cells — Organization
Days: 6
COURSE:
Subject(s):
Science
Grade(s):
10, 11
Key Learning(s):
3.1.10. A6:
208 Applied Biology
Instructional Tools:
Identify the advantages of multi-cellularity in organisms.
Unit Essential Question(s):
How do cells differentiate and why is this an advantage?
Concept:
Explain how cells differentiate in
multicellular organisms.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How the cells know which type to
become in a multicellular organism?
Vocabulary:
Multipotent
Totipotent
Cell Differentiation
Pluripotent
Growth Factors
Embryo
Stem Cell
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 13 —