Download The Human Body

The adult body is
made up of:
 100 trillion cells
 206 bones
 600 muscles
 22 internal organs
 11 organ systems
1. Circulatory System
2.Respiratory System (
3.Immune System (many types of protein,
cells, organs, tissues)
4.Skeletal System (bones)
5.Excretory System (lungs, large
intestine, kidneys)
6.Urinary System (bladder, kidneys)
7. Muscular System (muscles)
8. Endocrine System (glands)
9. Digestive System (mouth,
esophogus, stomach, intestines)
10. Nervous System (brain, spinal
cord, nerves)
11. Reproductive System (male and
female reproductive organs)
The skeletal system is made
up of the bones and
cartilage that form the
framework of your body.
The muscular system helps
you move!!
All humans have a stiff inner skeleton made of
bone and a hard, but flexible tissue called
cartilage.
The human skeletal system has 5 major functions:
1. To support your body and give it shape
2. To protect your internal organs
3. Muscles attach to bones & enable them to
Move.
4. Red Blood Cells are formed in the marrow of
some bones.
5. Calcium and Minerals are stored for later use
in your bones.



 The joints in your
skull are fixed and
do not allow
movement.
 Joints in other
parts of your body
allow only certain
kinds of movements.
The human skeleton is divided into
two distinct parts:
 The axial skeleton consists of
bones that form the
axis of the body and support and
protect the
organs of the head, neck, and
trunk
The Skull
The Sternum
The Ribs
The Vertebral Column
The human skeleton is divided into
two distinct parts:
 The appendicular skeleton is
composed of bones that anchor the
appendages to the axial skeleton.
The Upper Extremities
The Lower Extremities
The Shoulder Girdle
The Pelvic Girdle
(the sacrum and coccyx are considered
part of the vertebral column)
Types of Bone!
1. Long bones: are longer than
they are wide and work as
levers.
2. Short bones: are short, cubeshaped, and found in the wrists
and ankles
3. Flat bones: have broad surfaces for
protection of organs and
attachment of muscles (ex. ribs,
cranial bones, bones of shoulder
girdle).
4. Irregular bones: have varied
shapes, sizes, and surfaces features
and include the bones of the
vertebrae and a few in the skull
Bones are covered with a
tough, tight fitting
membrane, called the
periosteum.
2. Compact bone
contains bone cells,
blood vessels, protein
and minerals.
3.Spongy bone
contains small
open spaces that
make it light
weight.
4. Openings in the center of
the long bones are filled
with fatty tissue called
bone marrow. This tissue
produces many red blood
cells and few white blood
cells.
5.Cartilage: Located at the end
of bones. Allows bones to move
smoothly at joints.
Cartilag
Joints in the Human Body
PIVOT
JOINT
NECK &
ELBOW
BONES
ROTATE
AROUND
EACHOTHER
GLIDING
JOINT
WRIST,
ANKLE &
VERTBRAE
BONES SLIDE
OVER
EACHOTHER
HINGE
JOINT
KNEE,
ELBOW,
FINGERS &
TOES
SHOULDE
R
& HIPS
BACK & FORTH
BALL &
SOCKET
JOINT
ROTATIONAL
OR CIRCULAR
Fixed Joints
 Fixed Joints do not move
A. Bones are covered with a tough, tight-fitting membrane,
called the periosteum.
B. Compact bone contains bone cells, blood vessels, protein and
minerals.
C. Openings in the center of long bones are filled with fatty
tissue called marrow. This tissue produces many red blood
cells and a few white blood cells
D. Spongy bone contains small open spaces that make it
light weight.
E. Cartilage smooth ,flexible tissue at end of bones.
E.CARTILAGE
D.
SPONGY
B. COMPACT
BONE
A. PERIOSTEUM
C.
MARROW
The muscular system determines the shape
of our body, and it protects our organs!
It works closely together with the skeletal
system to allow us to move!
Works mainly with 2 other
Body Systems!!
Allows movement,
the bones and joints of
the skeletal system
must work with the
muscular system.
The muscular system in
vertebrates is
controlled through the
nervous system.
Muscles
A muscle is an organ that contracts and
gets shorter!
animation
Muscles Work in a Simple Way!
Muscles are bundles of cells and
fibers. Muscles work in a very
simple way, they tighten
up by contracting.
animation
Muscles Work in a Simple Way!
You have two sets of muscles attached to
many of your bones which allow them to
move.
There are 630 active muscles in your body
and they act in groups.
Muscles can only pull. They never push.
The Muscular System
The muscular system includes 3 types of muscle:
 Skeletal Muscle
 Smooth Muscle
 Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscles contains many nuclei, and
is crossed by alternating light and dark bands
called striations. Thus, skeletal muscles are
composite structures composed of many
muscle fibers, nerves, blood vessels, and
connective tissue .
Smooth Muscles form the muscle layers in
the walls of the digestive tract, bladder, various
ducts, arteries and veins, and other internal
organs. Smooth- muscle cells are elongated
and thin, not striated, have only one nucleus,
and interlace to form sheets rather than
bundles of muscles.
Cardiac (or heart) Muscles are a cross
between the smooth and striated muscles,
comprising the heart tissue.
Voluntary Muscles: Skeletal muscles
contract to move bones.
Tough cords of connective tissue called
tendons attach skeletal muscle to bones.
Skeletal muscles often work in pairs to bend
and straighten parts of your body. When
one muscle contracts, the other relaxes,
and vice versa.
Involuntary Muscles:
Muscles not under your control!
Smooth muscles
are found in the
walls of many
organs.
Cardiac Muscles
are only found in
the heart.
SKIN!
 SKIN is the largest organ of your
body!
SKIN has 5 functions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Protection
Sensory response
Formation of vitamin D
Regulates body temperature
Excretion of wastes
SKIN
The surface of your SKIN is the
epidermis.
 The cells of this layer are DEAD!
 Cells in this layer produce melanin
Melanin!
Melanin is a pigment which gives your
SKIN color—the more you have,
the darker your SKIN color is!
HAIR SHAFT
EPIDERMIS
NERVE ENDINGS
DERMIS
BLOOD
VESSSELS
FAT DEPOSITS
OIL GLAND
SWEAT GLAND
HAIR
FOLLICLE
Function of Sweat: Homeostasis
Sweat is produced by glands in the deeper layer of
the skin, the dermis. Sweat glands occur all over the
body, but are most numerous on the forehead, the
armpits, the palms and the soles of the feet. Sweat is
mainly water, but it also contains some salts. Its
main function is to control body temperature. As the
water in the sweat evaporates, the surface of the
skin cools.