Download Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne Pathogens
• Bloodborne Pathogens
are microorganisms
(such as viruses)
transmitted through
blood, or other
potentially infectious
material such as certain
bodily fluids (semen,
breast milk, etc.) or
tissues.
Bloodborne Pathogens
• Bodily fluids, especially those
visibly contaminated with
blood, are capable of causing
disease.
• Pathogens can enter your
body through a cut in the skin,
through your eyes or mouth.
• Can also be transmitted
sexually
• Main diseases of concern are
Hepatitis B (and C) virus, and
HIV (AIDS virus).
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• HIV attacks your body’s
ability to protect itself
against disease
• Initially no visible signs of
having the virus
• Most people with HIV
develop AIDS (acquired
immune deficiency syndrome)
• There is no vaccination
for HIV
HIV
• Virus lives outside the body only
a few hours
• 4 modes of transfer:
1 blood
2 semen
3 vaginal secretions
4 breast milk
HIV
10-50 virus particles per ml of blood
Aids Statistics from CDC
Aids Statistics from CDC
Aids Statistics from CDC
Hepatitis B (and C)
Hepatitis B Virus
• Up to 100 times
easier to catch
than HIV
• Unlike HIV, can
live outside of
body for several
days
Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in
Various Body Fluids
Hepatitis B
• 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per
ml of blood
• Virus can live outside the body for several days
HIV vs. Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
• 3-4 million carriers
• Disease can
incubate for
decades
• By 2010 may affect
more Americans
each year than AIDS
• HCV not related to
the viruses that
cause HBA and HBV
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C
• Risk Factors:
– Long-term kidney
dialysis
– Sex with multiple
partners
– Tattooing or body
piercing with shared
needles or unsterilized
equipment
– Intranasal cocaine use
with shared straws
Pamela Anderson claims her infection
came from a tattoo needle
Hepatitis B (and C)
• There is no cure for Hepatitis B
or C…
• but unlike HIV, there is a
vaccination for Hepatitis B.
(There is no vaccination for
Hepatitis C)
HBV and HCV
• Liver is located behind
the lower ribs on the
right side of your
abdomen
• Weighs about 3
pounds and is roughly
the size of a football.
• If infected with HBV,
the liver often
becomes tender and
enlarged
Some signs and symptoms of HBV
and HBC include:
• Flu-like symptoms
• fatigue
normal
• jaundice
• severe pain in joints
• lung disease
Yellow
from
jaundice
• inflammation of liver
• inflammation on and ulcers of the colon
• may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated)
Hepatitis
Acute:
6-8 weeks, 90%
– 30-40% with acute HBV have no idea how or when
they became infected
– 5-15% of infected carry virus for longer than 6 months
(carriers)
Chronic:
Life, 10%
– Hepatitis B carriers are people infected with HBV and
never fully recover. They carry the virus and can infect
others for the rest of their lives
– Approximately one million people in the US carry HBV
Risk Factors for Acute Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B
• “The risk of contracting Hepatitis B
from a single needlestick
contaminated with blood from a
person with known Hepatitis B
ranges from 6% to 30%.”
• “Approximately 10% of those
infected become chronic carriers
who can infect their families and
friends. They have up to 300
times greater than normal risk of
developing liver cancer.”
• “Every year, approximately 5,000
Americans, die of HBV or its
complications.
Statistics from Milwaukee
Journal/Sentinel
–“…1 in 300
infected with
HIV”
Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, July 7,
1996
–“one in 20 people
has or has had
Hepatitis”
How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread
on the Job
• By a sharp
object that is
contaminated
by the virus
when it cuts
or punctures
your skin.
How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread
on the Job
• When a contaminated object touches inflamed
skin, acne, skin abrasions
• When you
touch a
contaminated
surface and
then touch
your eyes,
nose, mouth,
or open
wounds or
inflamed skin
How to Reduce Your Risk
• Only PPS Employees at moderate risk are
included in the campus Bloodborne
Pathogens Exposure Control Plan.
• Employees in the plan can receive HBV
vaccinations at no cost.
• There are specific training, engineering,
and work practice controls for those
potentially at risk of exposure to BBP on
the job.
How to Reduce Your Risk
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS/
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS:
– A system of infection control which
assumes that all human blood and certain
body fluids are treated as if known to be
infectious.
Use Spill Kit for Clean-up
Kit Includes:
•
•
•
•
Face Mask
Gloves
Goggles
Sharps Disposal
Container
• Voban
• Fluid Control Solidifier
• Personal Safety
Equipment Cleaning
Pads
How to Reduce Your Risk
• Don’t Recap
Needles
How to Reduce Your Risk
• Do not bend,
shear, break or
recap needles
• If you must
recap, use onehanded method
How to Reduce Your Risk
• Needles and other sharps must be
discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture
resistance containers
How to Reduce Your Risk
• When emptying
trash containers,
do not use your
hands to
compress the
trash in the bag.
How to Reduce Your Risk
• Lift and carry the
trash bag away
from your body
How to Reduce Your Risk
• Do not eat, drink,
smoke, apply
cosmetics or
handle contact
lenses in areas
where there is the
possibility of
exposure to BBP,
such as in UWM
labs
Personal Protective Equipment
• Gloves, masks, eye protection,
CPR microshields
Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures
• Get Spill Kit from
Janitorial Closet
• Put on gloves.
Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures
• If splashing is anticipated,
wear protective eyewear
and mask
Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures
• Remove
visible
material with
absorbent
towels
Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures
• Area should be
decontaminated for
10 minutes
• Once the area has
been disinfected,
dry area with
absorbent towels
and dispose of
towels in regular
trash
Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures
• Glove
removal and
disposal
technique
Glove Removal and Disposal
• Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down until it comes
off inside out. Cup it in the palm of your gloved hand.
• Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the cuff of the
remaining glove.
Glove Removal and Disposal
• Peel that
glove down so
that it also
comes off
inside out and
over the first
glove.
• Properly
dispose of the
gloves.
Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures
• Wash hands well.
Vaccination
•
•
•
•
•
•
Very low risk vaccine
Three doses over 6 months
Must receive all three doses
>79% effective
Free to employees
May decline vaccine (but must sign
waiver)
• May receive vaccine later
Accident/Injury Report
• Complete
report as soon
as possible
after incident
• Turn in to your
supervisor
• Form is
submitted to
Workers
Compensation
Conclusion
Any
Questions?
Thank You!