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Greek Gods and Goddesses Traits of gods and goddesses • • • • • • • Immortal Slightly larger than humans in size Beauty is exaggerated “ichor” flowed through their veins Intense passions: jealousy, rage, lust Can suffer physical pain Supernatural powers (appear, disappear, change forms) • All gods are not omnipotent (Zeus and Apollo use oracles to be omniscient) • Live on Mt. Olympus • Eat ambrosia and drink nectar and wine The Olympian Circle Zeus • Roman name is Jupiter • God of the sky • Son of Kronos • Father of gods and humans • Cloud gatherer • Promiscuous • Weapons: thunder, lightning bolt • Animal: Eagle • Attributes: throne • Tree: Oak • Themes: – order over chaos – Succession myth (struggle) – Divine child motif • Succession threats he must face: – Kronos vs. Zeus – Prometheus vs. Zeus – Titans vs. Zeus and siblings – Giants vs. Zeus and siblings – Typhon vs. Zeus Hera • • • • Roman name is Juno Highest ranking female Zeus’ wife and sister Goddess of marriage (not motherhood) • Goddess of wifehood (not love) • Attributes: – Peacock feather, scepter, royalty Poseidon • • • • Neptune is Roman name Zeus’ brother God of water/sea Volatile, quick to anger, moody (like the sea) • Produces earthquakes, tsunamis, tidal waves • In his 40’s, has a beard, rougher looking than Zeus • Attributes: – trident • Animals: – Bulls, horses, dolphins, fish, mermen, mermaids Aphrodite • Venus is Roman name • Born out of sea foam • Kronos chopped off Ouranos’ genitals (Oedipal myth) • Birth signifies lust (born from male genitals) • Goddess of love, beauty, and sexuality • Themes: – Order out of chaos – Harmony after brutality • Laughter loving; always smiling • She and her jewelry are golden • Attributes: – Rose, shell, Emerging from water, sun, golden ornaments, apples, roses, poppies, the Graces, the Hours • Animals – Dove, swans, ducks, sparrows • Offspring – Aeneas from Anchises – Eros from Ares Artemis • Roman name is Diana • Daughter of Leto and Zeus • Twin brother is Apollo (she delivers him after she is born) • Goddess of childbirth, virginity, fertility • virgin – asks Zeus to allow her to remain unmarried • The “huntress” • Attributes: – Moon (female cycle), crescent moon helmet (uterus), bow and silver arrows • Animals – Quail, hare, stag, wolf, boar, bear, hounds Apollo • Twin sister is Artemis • God of sun (light) ,philosophy, archery, music (hangs out with the muses), fine art, healing, medicine (his son, Asclepius is the 1st physician) • “good shepherd” archetype • Unlucky in love; Daphne turns into a laurel tree, Hyacinth turns into a flower, Cassandra rejects him • Attributes: moon, palm tree (where Leto gives birth), golden arrows, lyre, bows, • Animals: swan, crow Ares • Roman name is Mars • God of war, slaughter • Warriors are called “sons of Ares” • Physically powerful, but not very bright • Brutal, fights on either side, has no principles, “bloodlust” • Hephastus is his brother • Attributes: – Armor, helmet, shield, thrusting spear • Had many children with Aphrodite (love and war) – Eros, Harmonia, Deinos (dread), Phobus Hermes • Mercury is Roman name • Friendliest of the gods • Best loved of the Olympians • Parties with Aphrodite • God of travelers, liars, teachers • Guide of souls; transports souls to Underworld • Trickster, lies, cheats, steals, inventive • Attributes: wings on hat/shoes • Invents: lyre, flute, sandals, fire torches Hestia • Roman name Vesta • Goddess of the Hearth (ordered domesticity) • One of three virgins • Mature woman • Rejects Poseidon • Hearth, pig • Left the Olympian circle Dionysus • Roman name Bacchus • Son of Zeus and Semele • God of wine, madness, ecstasy, epiphany • Attributes: drinking cup, ivy crown, Thyrsos, immortality (evergreen, ivy) grapevines, clusters • Animals: jaguars, leopards (bliss to savagery) Hephaestus • Roman name Vulcan • Son of Zeus (or Zeus and Hera) • God of technology, Blacksmiths, Craftsmen, Artisans and Volcanoes • Was thrown out of heaven and crippled • Attributes: – Anvil, hammer, master artisan Athena • Roman name Minerva • Goddess of wisdom, warcraft • Patron goddess of Athens • Zeus consumes Metis (Athena’s Mother) and births Athena from his head, fully formed, dressed, and yelling • Love Odysseus • Owl Hades • Roman name is Pluto • God of the underworld • Gives up seat in the Olympian circle because he’s in Hell • Symbol: Cerberus • The world is divided between these three: – Poseidon (sea) – Hades (underworld) – Zeus (everything else)