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Transcript
Chapter 2 Study Guide- Test on Thursday 5/3 Know the following vocabulary: Force Newton Deceleration Weight Newton’s first law Net force Newton’s second law Acceleration due to gravity Inertia Acceleration Free fall Terminal speed Air resistance Velocity Know the following concepts: Chapter 2 Section 1 Page 28 Newton’s First Law o Understand force & recognize that force is needed to change an object’s motion. o Be able to explain Newton’s First Law o No change in motion without the presence of a force Page 29 Forces, Mass, and Inertia o Describe how inertia and force are related. o Objects with more mass have more inertia Page 30 Units of Force o Weight vs. Mass o Newton- the amount of force it takes to change the speed of a 1 kg mass by 1 m/sec in one second. Page 31 The Net Force o Describe net force and how is it determined. o Forces in horizontal and vertical directions Chapter 2 Section 2 Page 32 Acceleration and Newton’s Second Law o Describe acceleration and explain how it relates to force and mass. Page 33 Units of acceleration o Know the units used for acceleration (m/sec²) o Acceleration = change in speed /change in time Page 34 Calculating acceleration o Be able to calculate acceleration o a = V2 - V1 / t o V2 = Final Speed V1= Starting Speed T = time o Know the units (meters and seconds) Page 35 Force, mass, and acceleration o Be able to explain Newton’s Second Law o Explain the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration Page 36 Applying the second law o Know the guidelines for how to apply Newton’s Second Law o Know what units to use when using force in Newton’s. Page 37 Doing calculations with the second law o Newton’s Second Law- a = F/m o a = acceleration F = force m = mass Page 38 Forces and energy o Describe the relationship between energy and force o Low energy vs. High Energy o Forces are created any time there is a difference in energy Chapter 2 Section 3 Page 39 Gravity and Free Fall o Describe the motion of an object in free fall o Free Fall Speed - v = gt o v = speed g = acceleration due to gravity t = time Page 40 Upward Launches o An object at free fall accelerates downward at 9.8 m/sec² o As a ball moves upward, the speed decreases by 9.8 m/sec² until it reached zero o As the ball moves downward, the speed increases by 9.8 m/sec² o Velocity- speed with direction Page 41 Free Fall and Distance o Average speed o Vf = gt (acceleration due to gravity x time) o Vi = Initial Speed o V avg = Vf + Vi 2 Page 43 Gravity and weight o Be able to explain the difference between mass and weight o Weight and the second law – Fg = mg o Fg = weight or force of gravity m = mass g = strength of gravity o Units- Newton’s and kilograms Page 44 Mass is fundamental o Mass is a fundamental property of an object measured in kilograms o Weight is a force measured in Newton’s that depends on mass and gravity Page 45 Air resistance o Be able to explain how air resistance affects the motion of objects o Factors affecting air resistance o Describe terminal speed as it relates to air resistance.