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Chapter 3 Grammar: Phrases Notes Phrase – A group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject. (Considered a single part of speech) Prepositional Phrase – Includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object. o Adjective Phrase – A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun. o Adverb Phrase – A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, and adjective, or an adverb. Participle – A verb form that can be used as an adjective. 1. Running water 2. Crying girl 3. Flying saucer 4. Baked chicken 5. Cooked meal Participle Phrase – Consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective. 1. Speaking loudly and clearly, she cleared the room. 2. Nodding his head, he agreed with the teacher. 3. Encouraged by his friends, he asked the girl out. Complete EXERCISE 3, 60 Other Phrases Gerund – A verb forming ending in –ing that is used as a noun. Gerund Phrase – Consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. The entire phrase is used as a noun. Infinitive – Original form of a verb, such as, to be, to run, to walk. Infinitive Phrase – Consists of an infinitive and any modifiers or complements the infinitive has. The entire phrase can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Appositive – Noun or Pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it. Appositive Phrase – Consists of an appositive and any modifiers the appositive has. The Gerund Phrase Gerund – A verb forming ending in –ing that is used as a noun. Functions Subject Predicate Nominative Direct Object Indirect Object Object of Preposition Examples Swimming quickly tired us. Janetta’s hobby is knitting. She has always loved dancing. He gave studying all his attention. In cooking, we use salt and pepper Gerund Phrase – Consists of a gerund and any modifiers it has. The entire phrase is used as a noun. Functions Subject Predicate Nominative Direct Object Indirect Object Object of Preposition Examples Swimming in the ocean quickly tired us. Janetta’s hobby is knitting sock and mittens She has always loved dancing with her Dad. He gave studying for the test all his attention. In cooking our dinner, we use salt and pepper