Download High Classical or “Golden Age” Period

CLASSICAL
GREEK ART
CLASSICAL GREECE
Early Classical Period ca. 480-450 B.C.E.
Defeat of Persians, Use of Bronze Sculpture,
more detail in sculpture
High Classical Period ca. 450-400 B.C.E.
Parthenon & Erectheion, Doric and Ionic
Orders, Caryatids, Canon of Polykleitos
Late Classical Period ca. 400-323 B.C.E.
Sparta beats Athens, Corinthian Order, ends
with the death of Alexander the Great;
Praxiteles redefines Polykleitos’ figures;
sculptures are created with a more 360-degree
interest
Hellenistic Period
ca. 330-31 B.C.E.
CLASSICAL GREECE
Early Classical or Transitional Period
Greek city-states banded
together and defeated the
Persians in 479 BCE
This victory gave them a
self-confidence that
accelerated their society
and art.
Lasted until about 450 BCE
Kritios Boy, ca. 480 BCE
CLASSICAL GREECE
Early Classical or Transitional Period
KNOW YOUR “K” WORDS!
KOUROS
KORE
KROISOS
KRITIOS BOY
Archaic
Archaic
Archaic
Early Classical
CLASSICAL GREECE
Early Classical or Transitional Period
The use of
HOLLOW-CASTING
BRONZE developed
toward the end of
the Archaic Period
made for more
complex, detail
poses.
Charioteer, ca. 470 BCE, Bronze.
CLASSICAL GREECE
Early Classical or Transitional Period
Using bronze
allowed such an
extensive study of
the anatomy that it
paved the way for
the achievements of
the CLASSICAL
period.
Riace Warrior, ca. 470-460 BCE, Bronze. With Copper lips and nipples.
CLASSICAL GREECE
Early Classical or Transitional Period
Poses like this could only be done
with the invention of
CONTRAPPOSTO
Zeus, from the sea off Cape Artemision. Greece, ca 460-450BC
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
Polykleitos
Wrote the treatise
“Canon of Polykleitos” – set of mathematical rules or
laws for human sculpture
Doryphoros – The ‘Spear-Bearer’
Polykleitos, Doryphoros c450-440 BCE
HIGH CLASSICAL GREEK
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
Polykleitos
Wrote the treatise
“Canon of Polykleitos” – set of mathematical rules or
laws for human sculpture
Doryphoros – The ‘Spear-Bearer’
Polykleitos, Doryphoros c450-440 BCE
HIGH CLASSICAL GREEK
CLASSICAL GREECE
CLASSICAL GREECE
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
The Parthenon
Lasted from about 450-400 BCE - Sparta and Athens became enemies
ELGIN MARBLES – Statue Pieces from the Parthenon that Lord Elgin (Thomas Bruce)
recovered from ruins and sold to British Government
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
Iktinos and Kallikrates, The Parthenon, completed in 438 BCE.
Sculptural designs by Phidias. Uses a y=2x +1 math in architecture
CLASSICAL GREECE
The Parthenon
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
The Parthenon
Plaque of the Ergastines (Parthenon frieze), c. 447-432 BCE. HIGH CLASSICAL GREEK
This sculpted plaque is a perfect example of Classical Greek art from the frieze decorating
the exterior of the Parthenon, built between 447 and 432 BCE to glorify Athens and its
divine protector, Athena. It shows one of the high points of the Great Panathenaea festival
held every four years in Athens. Here, six Ergastines (young women in charge of weaving
the peplos overgarment offered to Athena) are greeted by two priests as they walk in
procession towards the assembly of the gods.
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
The Parthenon
Phidias (?), Sculpture from the East Pediment of the Parthenon, marble, c. 448-432 BCE.
HIGH CLASSICAL GREEK
These sculptures are from Phidias, a Greek sculptor, painter and architect, who lived in
the 5th century BCE, and is commonly regarded as one of the greatest of all sculptors of
Classical Greece. These sculptures were originally created an placed in the triangular
pediment atop the Parthenon.
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
Temple of Athena Nike
The TEMPLE of ATHENA NIKE
Complete 420 BCE, Acropolis.
Nike means "Victory" in Greek, and
Athena was worshiped in this form, as
goddess of victory, on the Acropolis. Her
temple was the earliest Ionic temple on
the Acropolis. Here the citizens
worshipped the goddess in hope of a
prosperous outcome in the long war
fought on land and sea against the
Spartans and their allies. The Temple of
Athena Nike was an expression of
Athens' ambition to be the leading Greek
city state in the Peloponnese.
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
Temple of Athena Nike
The TEMPLE of ATHENA NIKE
Complete 420 BCE, Acropolis.
Nike means "Victory" in Greek, and
Athena was worshiped in this form, as
goddess of victory, on the Acropolis. Her
temple was the earliest Ionic temple on
the Acropolis. Here the citizens
worshipped the goddess in hope of a
prosperous outcome in the long war
fought on land and sea against the
Spartans and their allies. The Temple of
Athena Nike was an expression of
Athens' ambition to be the leading Greek
city state in the Peloponnese.
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
Temple of Athena Nike
The TEMPLE of ATHENA NIKE
Complete 420 BCE, Acropolis.
To prevent people from falling from atop
the hill, a large parapet (a wall) was
added around 410 BCE. On it contained
numerous reliefs, including this one of
Athena Nike adjusting her sandal.
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
The Erechtheion
The Erechtheion, completed in 438 BCE. Architectural design by MNESIKLES
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
The Erechtheion
The Erechtheion, completed in 438 BCE. Architectural design by MNESIKLES
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
The Erechtheion
The Erechtheion, completed in 438 BCE. Architectural design by MNESIKLES
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
PARTHENON (Doric Order)
The Erechtheion
ERECHTHEION (Ionic Order)
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
Grave Steve of Hegeso
(Atrributed to Kallimachos)
Marble and paint, ca 410 BCE.
The main relief (on the right) shows a mature
Athenian woman (Hegeso) wearing a chiton
and himation, seated on a chair with her feet
resting on an elaborate footstool. In her left
hand, she holds an open pyxis (small
container), and in her right she holds a piece of
(missing) jewelry that was originally painted, at
which she is directing her gaze. Opposite her,
on the left, stands a maidservant wearing a
tunic and a headdress described as either a
snood or sakkos. The maidservant is presenting
the pyxis, on the knees of Hegeso. On the
epistyle there is an epitaph, “ΗΓΗΣΩ
ΠΡΟΞΕΝΟ”, stating that the deceased is
Hegeso, daughter of Proxenos. Grave markers
like these which much more personal, thus
costing far more money than figure vases.
CLASSICAL GREECE
High Classical or “Golden Age” Period
Grave Steve of Hegeso
(Atrributed to Kallimachos)
Marble and paint, ca 410 BCE.
While Hegeso's relief may show a purely
domestic scene, the virtues it honors may not
have been solely for private use. Rather than
simply celebrating the lives of certain women,
the presence of stelae similar to that of Hegeso
serve to define the female within a social
framework. From 450 BCE on, a law by Pericles
stated that any Athenian citizen needed to have
a mother who was the daughter of another
citizen. This law gave more importance to the
child-bearing role of women (since their children
would later select the gravestones) as well as
the importance of marriage and familial
relationships, since marrying non-Athenian
women was so discouraged.
CLASSICAL GREECE
Late Classical Period
Lasted from about 400-330 BCE
Sparta defeats Athens in
Peloponnesian War
Greek Art still flourishes with
IONIC order, and even
introduces CORINTHIAN order
for interiors – Romans later
copied it
CLASSICAL GREECE
Late Classical Period
Praxiteles
Developed more extensive rules based on
Canon of Polykleitos
(e.g. – body is 8 heads tall instead of 7)
Hermes and Infant Dionysus –
343 BCE
Roman Copy
CLASSICAL GREECE
POLYKLEITOS
PRAXITELES
CLASSICAL GREECE
Late Classical Period
Praxiteles, Apollo Sauroctonos
LATE CLASSICAL GREEK
CLASSICAL GREECE
Late Classical Period
Praxiteles
Aphrodite Taking a Bath –
350-40 BCE
Roman Copy
CLASSICAL GREECE
Late Classical Period
Praxiteles
Aphrodite Taking a Bath –
350-40 BCE
Roman Copy
CLASSICAL GREECE
Late Classical Period
Lysippos, Apoxyomenos
(The “Scraper”)
Roman copy based on
bronze original
ca 320 BCE
CLASSICAL GREECE