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Structure of the Atom Bohr- Rutherford Model of Atom Subatomic Particle Location Charge Mass Proton Nucleus Positive (+) Heavy Neutron Nucleus Neutral (0) Heavy Electron Electron Orbit Negative (-) Almost no mass • # of electrons = # of protons – Make the atom neutral • Electron shells (orbits) hold only a certain # of electrons: – 1st shell: 2 electrons – 2nd shell: 8 electrons – 3rd shell: 8 electrons Where do we find this information? Standard Atomic Notation • Atomic Number: refers to the # of protons in an atom’s nucleus Learning Check • What is the atomic number for… – Mg –N – Ge –I • How many protons does each atom have? – Cu – Li Learning Check • What is the atomic number for… – Mg –N – Ge –I 12 7 32 53 • How many protons does each atom have? – Cu – Li 29 3 • Mass Number: refers to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus • Atomic Mass: the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (u) How many NEUTRONS are in a K atom? • Mass Number: refers to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus How many NEUTRONS are in a K atom? Mass # - Atomic # = 39-19 = 20 Neutrons Isotopes • Has a different # of neutrons for the element’s atom but the # of protons remains the same ** We use the atomic mass (rounded to nearest whole #) as the mass number We use this to figure out the number of neutrons in an atom. Element Name Atomic Number Mass Number Standard Atomic Notation Number of Number of Number of Protons Electrons Neutrons Aluminum 13 27 27 13 13 Al Show me what you understand……. 13 14 Element Name Atomic Number Mass Number Standard Atomic Notation Number of Number of Number of Protons Electrons Neutrons Aluminum 13 27 27 13 13 Al 13 14
