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Revolutions: The French Revolution
Enlightenment thought led to
revolutions around the world.
One of the earliest and biggest
Enlightenment-inspired
revolutions was in France when
revolutionaries replaced the
long-established monarchy with
a new democratic government.
1790s –
Revolutionaries in France
overthrew the French Monarchy
to establish a democratic
republic
Revolutions: The French Revolution
Revolutions: The French Revolution
Marie Antoinette
Revolutions: The French Revolution
THE FORCES OF CHANGE
LOUIS XVI
There were many forces at
work that led to changes and revolution
in France. First, Enlightenment ideas
led to more people questioning the
government. Second, there were
economic troubles stemming from
colonial wars with England. Third, the
population was expanding, the cost of
living was on the rise as France sank
further into debt. Fourth, bad weather
was effecting crops and the population
was going hungry. Finally, France had
a leader that many believed to be too
weak, too quick to borrow money from
other countries, who was married to a
wasteful woman, and who wasn’t kind
to his people.
Revolutions: The French Revolution
• 1st Estate – CATHOLIC CLERGY
Less than 1% of the population
Owned 10% of the land
provided education & relief to the poor
2% of their income went to taxes
Believed the Enlightenment was too radical
• 2nd Estate – NOBLES
Less than 2% of the population
Owned 25% of the land
Paid little to no taxes
Believed the Enlightenment was too radical
• 3rd Estate – THE PEOPLE –
98% of the People (in 3 distinct groups)
Owned 65% of the land
Believed in Enlightenment ideas
High taxes to nobles, clergy, & govt. (+/- 50%)
Lacked Privileges
Revolutions: The French Revolution
THE GREAT FEAR: 1789
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Rumors spread that Nobles hired outlaws to terrorize peasants
Panic spread, peasants revolted with pitchforks & torches
6,000 women peasants rioted over the cost of bread
Peasants raided and burned nobles’ homes
Palace of Versailles invaded by women
Louis XVI permanently fled to Paris
Revolutions: The French Revolution
Revolution begins!!! 1789
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY: A meeting of 3rd ESTATE representatives met and
agreed that their goal was to end the monarchy
TENNIS COURT OATH: They broke into an indoor tennis court, Pledged to
stay until the other estates agreed to a new constitution
STORMING THE BASTILLE: rumors spread that foreign soldiers were
coming to kill French citizens. Angry citizens invaded a French prison
looking for ammunition to revolt against the King
Revolutions: The French Revolution
FRENCH DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN: 1789
The French Declaration of
the Rights of Man was a document
produced during the French
Revolution reflecting independence
and Enlightenment ideals, “men are
born and remain free and equal in
rights.”
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
Revolutions: The French Revolution
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1792: Third Estate leads an angry mob through Paris
King Louis XVI was reduced to a prisoner
Louis XVI was caught fleeing to Austria
King was found guilty for being unfair to people
Sentenced to death (a living ex-monarch was too dangerous)
1793: King beheaded by the guillotine.
Revolutions: The French Revolution
Robespierre
Revolutions: The French Revolution
Napoleon
Revolutions: The French Revolution
A coalition of Austria,
Sweden, Russia, Great
Britain, Spain, and Portugal
defeated Napoleon in 1813
and banished him to the
island of Elba. Napoleon
escaped and marched
triumphantly into Paris, but
lost to the British in 1815 at
the Battle of Waterloo. He
was exiled to the Island of
Saint Helena, never to return
again.
Revolutions: The French Revolution
The ‘Bourbon Restoration’ meant that the royal family
once again ruled France (Louis XVIII then Charles X). But by
1830, the Second French Revolution established a
constitutional monarchy. By 1848, another revolution ended
the monarchy entirely and established the French Second
Republic.
Louis XVIII
Second French Revolution
Revolutions: The French Revolution
This Second Republic lasted
only three years until Napoleon
III (the nephew of Napoleon
Bonaparte) staged another coup
and proclaimed the Second
French Empire in 1851. In
1870, a Third French Republic
was created, lasting until the
World War II Nazi takeover in
1940. Today, France is still a
republic.
Revolutions: The French Revolution
Venn Diagram
Similarities
• Both were Revolutions
Happens in North America
•
• Both changed the govt.
George Washington,
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Influenced
by
Voltaire
Thomas Jefferson
•
Ben Franklin, John Adams• Influenced by Montesquieu •
Declared Independence • Influenced By Rousseau •
• Influenced by the Enlightenment
from England
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Emphasized
Freedom
of
Religion
Fought a war against
•
England
• Neither had to answer to A King
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Started a New Country
• Both had a republic
Wrote a Constitution with a
Bill of Rights
Happens in France
Louis XVI beheaded
Marie Antoinette Beheaded
Napoleon took over
Tried to conquer Europe
Beheaded 20,000 people
Had a ‘reign of Terror’
They went Broke