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Method of Study for This Section • Read assigned readings of text • Use text readings and the Dynamic Human CD-ROM to help review structure of bones, joints, and muscles as necessary. This is the purpose of labs • Complete labs conscientiously and study models of articulated skeleton, shoulder, spine, and knee • Lecture will only provide a selective review of structure, muscles & movements. Focus will be on muscular analysis of movements and exercises and movementrelated issues, such as common injuries. • For exams, review lecture notes and understanding questions in both lecture and labs Sh Jt & Girdle Ant Musculature Sh Jt & Girdle Post Musculature Upper Extremity – Chapter 7 Shoulder Girdle Structure: Elevation and Depression Upward & Downward Rotation Protraction & Retraction Shoulder Joint Structure Shoulder Joint Stabilizers • Stabilizers and rotators - Rotator cuff muscles – (Fig 7-5) – – – – Teres minor - external rotation Infraspinatus - external rotation Supraspinatus - abduction Subscapularis - internal rotation Shoulder Joint Primary Movers • Vector representation of muscle forces • Anterior movers – (Fig 7-13) Anterior deltoid, pectoralis major • Superior movers - middle deltoid (Fig 7-11) • Posterior movers - posterior deltoid (Fig 7-14) • Inferior movers - latissimus dorsi, teres major, lower pectoralis m. (Fig 7-10, 7-12) Shoulder Jt Muscles Synergism of prime movers and rotator cuff muscles during arm abduction Shoulder Joint Impingement Syndrome • What is it? Pain from shoulder area resulting from impingement of structures between humeral head, acromion, and coracromial arch. Three stages: – Stage I - edema and hemorrhage of subacromial structures – Stage II - tendon fibrosis and bursal thickening – Stage III - rotator cuff tears, biceps tendon ruptures, and bone spurs I: II: III: Sh Jt Impingement (2) • Good website: MMG - Patient Education Impingement Syndrome • Causes – Primary impingement: • Repeated movements requiring elevated and/or medially rotated humerus, compounded by weak rotator cuff muscles, causing: impingement of long head of biceps, supraspinatus – Secondary Impingement: • Decreased volume of subacromial space due to glenohumeral joint instability, and perhaps joint capsular tightness – Structural abnormalities: • hooked or curved acromion, calcium deposits, bone spurs, thickened bursa, thickened ligaments Shoulder Jt Impingement (3) • Treatment: – Related to the cause - may involve surgery, rotator cuff strengthening, and flexibility exercises. – Later, avoid humeral elevation and rotation movements. Elbow Joint Structure • Muscles of elbow joint: Elbow and Wrist Joint Muscles • • • • True Flexor - Brachialis Flexor-Supinator - Biceps brachii Extensor - Triceps brachii Wrist flexors (medial epicondyle of humerus) – Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis • Wrist extensors (lateral epicondyle of humerus) – Extensor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi radialis KIN 330 Biomechanics • Muscles of elbow joint: Radioulnar Jt Muscles Muscles and Movements of Radioulnar Joint • Elbow Flexion – Forearm Supination - Biceps Brachii – Forearm Pronation - Pronator Teres • Elbow Extension – Forearm Supination - Supinator – Forearm Pronation -Pronator Quadratus • Epicondylitis – The most common cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), repetitive stress injury (RSI), repetitive motion disorder (RMD), or overuse syndrome (OS) is epicondylitis – Epicondylitis website: – MMG - Patient Education Cumulative Trauma Disorders TOC Radioulnar Jt Muscles Bones of Wrist and Hand Carpal Tunnel Syndrome • Background MMG - Patient Education Cumulative Trauma Disorders TOC Carpal tunnel includes median nerve and 9 flexor tendons ( 4 flex dig sup, 4 flex dig prof, 1 fl pol l) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (cont’d) • Symptoms – Pain in wrist area, or referred proximally or distally – Tingling of thumb, fingers, or palmar side of hand – Loss of control of muscles affected by median nerve blockage • Causes – Enlargement of tissues within tunnel – Decreased size of tunnel – Extraneous tissue in tunnel • Treatment – Related to cause • Website for prevention of repetitive stress injury at computer workstations: CUergo: Neutral Posture Typing KIN 330 Biomechanics Review Problems for Chapter 7 • Torque at shoulder with elbow flexed vs extended – Fig 7-15, 7-16 • Compressive force at shoulder jt – Fig 7-17, sample problem 1 • Elbow flexion force – Figure 7-26, sample problem 2 • Introductory problems, p 217: 5,6,8,9 • Additional problems, p 217-218: 5,10 Compressive force at shoulder joint Elbow flexor tension and Joint compressive force