Download Unit 10- The Cold War

7.5a- The Cold War
7.5a
Analyze the impact of the Cold War on national
security and individual freedom, including the
containment policy and the role of military
alliances, the effects of the “Red Scare” and
McCarthyism, the conflicts in Korea and the
Middle East, the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall,
the Cuban missile crisis, and the nuclear arms
race.
The Cold War
The Cold War Begins
***After World War II tensions were high between the former
allies. (US and Soviet Union)
► The United States and Great Britain were determined not occupy
the conquered territories for very long.
► ***The Soviet Union on the other hand had suffered great losses
and was determined not to be invaded again.
► ***Stalin decided to maintain control over Eastern Europe as a
buffer zone. He went back on his promises to help rebuild a
democratic Germany and for free elections in Poland.
► Stalin ruthlessly stomped out anti-communist opposition in the
territories his army overran in World War II.
► ***Europe became divided between the western democracies, and
the Soviet Satellite Nations.
► The Russians refused to allow much travel between the communist
Europe and the Democratic Europe.
► Iron Curtain Speech- Winston Churchill gave a speech at
Westminster college in Missouri and he said, “A shadow has fallen…
and iron curtain has descended across the continent.” The result of
this speech was that the dividing line between eastern and
western Europe became known as the Iron Curtain.
►
US Post-War Policies in Europe
►
Many believed that eastern Europe could not be saved
from Soviet domination without a major war and therefore
the United States and the western democracies should
concentrate on a strategy of *** containment- keeping
communism in countries where it already existed.
►
President Harry Truman reinforced this philosophy with the
***Truman Doctrine- which stated that the United
States would not hesitate to intervene and aid
nations overseas to resist communism.
►
***The Marshall Plan- as part of plan for implementing the
Truman Doctrine Secretary of State George Marshall
wanted to provide the war torn nations of Europe
with financial support to rebuild their countries and
economies. Western Europe prospered while the Soviet
dominated countries struggled. The plan went a long way
towards preventing the spread of communism in Europe.
Increased Tensions
► ***The
Marshall Plan did not offer aid to
the devastated Soviet Union.
► ***Furthermore, the US used the threat of
the atomic bomb in diplomatic talks with the
USSR.
► Additionally, the US gave aid to the French
who were fighting Soviet supported
communist rebels in Indochina
► ***Stalin
decided to force the west
out of Berlin and instituted a blockade
of the city not allowing needed
supplies to come in by rail or road.
The Berlin Airlift
► President
Truman was firmly against Stalin,
but did not want war.
► He authorized the Berlin Airlift where
supplies were flown into West Berlin
over a fifteen month period. The
Soviets finally gave up in May of 1949, but
this action helped fan the flames of the Cold
War.
International Alliances of the Cold
War
► ***The
Cold War divided the world into two
camps. U.S. supporters and U.S.S.R supporters.
► In hopes of avoiding conflict the United Nations
was formed.
► Within the organization was the Security Council
which consisted of the United States, Great
Britain, France, U.S.S.R, and China. Each of these
countries had the power to veto any action taken
by the United Nations and they must all agree
before military action could be taken.
International Alliances of the Cold
War
► NATO
vs. The Warsaw Pact- because most
nations did not have nuclear weapons they
allied themselves to those nations that did
for collective security.
 ***NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
was an alliance between several European
Nations and the United States to come to the
others defense if attacked. NATO would
provide a combined military force.
 ***The Warsaw Pact- The counterpart to NATO
for the U.S.S.R and its allies.
NATO logo
Headquartered in Brussels, Belgium
Flag of NATO (28 member nations)
The Nuclear Threat
► World
War II changed peoples lives and
what they thought of the world, because
quickly after the war the Soviet Union
detonated its first fission bomb. Quickly
followed the massive and deadly Hydrogen
Bombs.
► The Nuclear Arms Race- Both the U.S. and
U.S.S.R. in which both sides continually built
updated weapons aimed at one another that
provided for the possibility of massive
retaliation sometimes called MAD (mutually
assured destruction)