Download 37–1 The Circulatory System

37–1 The Circulatory
System
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Functions of the Circulatory
System
Functions of the Circulatory System
Transport materials – O2,CO2,food,waste
Fight Diseases – WBC, antibodies
Clot – plateletes, plasma proteins
Maintain body temperature – water
Chemical balance – pH, osmosis
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Functions of the Circulatory
System
The human circulatory system consists of:
• the heart
• blood vessels
• blood
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37–1 The Circulatory System
The Heart
The Heart
The heart is enclosed in a sac called the pericardium.
The heart is composed of cardiac muscle.
4 chambers – 2 upper & 2 lower
Atria (upper) – receive blood from body
Ventricles (lower) – pump blood to body
Valves – prevent backflow of blood
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37–1 The Circulatory System
The Heart
Blood Flow
thru the
Heart
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
As blood flows through the circulatory
system, it moves through three types of
blood vessels:
• arteries
• capillaries
• veins
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart.
All are Red, except for the pulmonary arteries.
Arteries have thick walls.
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
Veins
Carry blood back to the heart.
All are Blue, except for the pulmonary veins.
Large veins contain valves that keep blood from
moving backwards.
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
Valve
open
Valve
closed
Many veins are located
near and between
skeletal muscles.
Valves
closed
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels.
One cell thick and one cell wide.
Exchanges of nutrients and gases occurs here
between tissues and the blood.
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
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37–1 The Circulatory System
The Heart
Circulation Through the Body
The heart functions as two separate pumps.
Pulmonary Circulation - circulates blood between
the heart and the lungs.
Systemic Circulation - circulates blood between
the heart and the rest of the body.
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Capillaries of
head and arms
Superior
vena cava
The Heart
Aorta
Pulmonary
artery
Circulation of
Blood through the
Body
Pulmonary
Capillaries of vein
right lungs
Capillaries
of left lung
Inferior
vena cava
Capillaries of
abdominal organs
and legs
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37–1 The Circulatory System
The Heart
Heartbeat – Pacemaker initiates a signal across
the atria.
Sinoatrial (SA)
node
Conducting fibers
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37–1 The Circulatory System
The Heart
The atrioventricular (AV) node carries the signal to
the network of fibers in the ventricles.
Conducting fibers
Atrioventricular
(AV) node
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37–1 The Circulatory System
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
When the heart contracts a wave of pressure forms in the arteries.
Pacemaker – initiates heart contractions
Systolic Pressure – ventricles contract
Diastolic Pressure – ventricles relax
120/80 is average
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37–1
The layer of muscle in the heart that pumps
blood through the circulatory system is called
the
a. myocardium.
b. atrium.
c. ventricle.
d. vena cava.
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37–1
Oxygen-poor blood from the body enters the
heart through the
a. left atrium.
b. left ventricle.
c. right atrium.
d. right ventricle.
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37–1
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which
a. blood cells die from a lack of oxygen.
b. plaque builds up along the walls of the
arteries.
c. blood pressure is too high.
d. the heart stops pumping blood.
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37–1
The inner wall of all blood vessels is lined with
a. endothelium.
b. connective tissue.
c. smooth muscle.
d. myocardium.
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37–1
The vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the
upper part of the body to the right atrium is the
a. pulmonary vein
b. inferior vena cava.
c. aorta
d. superior vena cava.
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