Download Final Exam Study Guide Chapters 1

Final Exam Study Guide
Chapters 1-4
A. Irregular Verbs
I. Chapter 1
a. Avoir- to have
j’ai
(I have)
nous avons
(we have)
tu as
(you have)
vous avez
(you have)
il/elle/on a
(he/she/we have)
ils/elles ont
(they have)
je suis
(I am)
nous sommes
(we are)
tu es
(you are)
vous êtes
(you are)
ils/elles sont
(they are)
II. Chapter 2
a. Etre- to be
il/elle/on est (he/she/we are)
III. Chapter 4
a. GER verbs
* these are regular ER verbs but have an irregular NOUS form only!!
1. manger- to eat
5. déranger- to disturb
2. changer-to change
6. encourager- to encourage
3. échanger- to exchange
7. voyager- to travel
4. corriger- to correct
je mange
nous mangEONS (add an e in the
nous)
tu manges
vous mangez
il/elle/on mange
ils/elles mangent
b. CER verbs
* these are regular ER verbs but have an irregular NOUS form only!!
1. commencer- to start
4. remplacer- to replacer
2. placer- to place
5. avancer- to go forward
3. pronouncer- to pronounce
6. lancer- to throw
je place
nous plaÇONS
(add c accent cedille)
tu places
vous placez
il/elle/on place
ils/elles placent
c. Verbs that change ACCENTS
1. espérer- to hope
2. répéter-to repeat
3. préférer
NOTE: in the je/tu/il/elle/on/ils and elles forms the second e changes
to e accent grave (è)
je pr é f è re
nous pr é f é rons
tu pr é f è re
vous pr é f é rez
il/elle/on pr é r è re
ils/elles pr é f è rent
1. amener- to bring someone
2. emmener- to take along someone
3. lever- to raise
4. promener- to walk
NOTE: n the je/tu/il/elle/on/ils and elles forms the second e changes to
accent grave (è)
j’am è ne
nous amenons
tu am è nes
vous amenez
il/elle/on am è ne
ils/elles am è nent
B. Regular French Verbs
I. Chapter 2
a. ER verbs
b. Step 1: Drop the ER → Chant- er → Chant
c. Step 2: Add ER verb endings that correspond with your subject
je chante
nous chantons
tu chantes
vous chantez
il/elle/on chante
ils/elles chantent
II. Chapter 4
a. RE verbs
b. Step 1: Drop the RE → Vend - re → Vend
c. Step 2: Add RE verb endings that correspond with your subject.
* no ending in il/elle/on form
* same as ER verb endings!
je vends
nous vendons
tu vends
vous vendez
il/elle/on vend
ils/elles vendent
*Other RE verbs you should know!
1. attendre-to wait for
2. entendre- to hear
3. perdre- to lose
4. répondre- to respond
5. vendre- to sell
6. rendre- to return
7. rendre visite à- to visit someone
C. Additional Grammar
I. Chapter 1
a. Subjects and Verbs (page 12)
1. All sentences have subjects.
2. The SUBJECT is the person or thing that is doing the action or that
is being described.
3. The VERB is either an action word OR a linking word to a
description.
a. Example: Denise joue au foot. (Action verb-plays)
b. Example: Denise est gentille. (linking verb- is)
4. Nouns are used as subjects. They can be replaced by pronouns.
b. Subject Pronouns (page 14):
1. They replace proper names and things in French.
2. The subject pronouns in French are:
je-I
nous-we
tu-you( singular/informal)
vous- you (plural or formal)
il- he/it
ils- they (mixed gender or all males)
elle-she/it
elles-they (all females)
on- people in general or we
qui- who
NOTE: Know when to use TU vs VOUS when speaking French!
c. Indefinite Articles (page 24):
1. Meaning: a or an (singular) some (plural)
2. In French:
Masculine Singular
Feminine Singular
Plural
un
une
des
d. Plurals of Nouns (page 24)
1. To make a singular noun plural, most of the time just add “s”
un garcon →des garcons (note the article changes too)
une filles → des filles
2. Some nouns are IRREGULAR when you make them plural.
un tableau
→
des tableaux
un bureau
→
des bureaux
un CD
→
des CD (no change)
un lecteur DVD
→
des lecteurs de DVD
e. Negation (page 26)
1. Meaning: To make a sentence NEGATIVE
2. How to form it: Add NE and PAS around your conjugated verb.
3. Example: J’ai un CD. (I have a cd.)
Je n’ai pas de CD. (I don’t have a cd.)
*NOTE: in a negative sentence, UN/UNE/DES change to DE
*NOTE: when your verb begins with a vowel, NE changes to N’
II. Chapter 2
a. Definite Articles (page 44):
1. Meaning: THE
2. Uses: Used before a noun and to express general likes/dislikes.
ii. J’aime LES maths. (I like math.)
iii. Je deteste LA glace. (I hate ice cream.)
3. In French
Mascunline
(Beginning with a
consonant)
Feminine
(Beginning with a
consonant)
Masculine or Feminine
(Beginning with a vowel)
Singular le
la
l’
Plural
les
les
les
b. Contractions with à (page 56):
1. Meaning: à means “to” or “at”
2. Uses: à is a preposition (prepositions describe position)
3. Contractions with à: when the definite articles LE/LA/LES and L’ are
added to à, contractions are sometimes formed.
i. Contractions in French are MANDATORY unlike in English
à + la
(to/at + the)
à la (no contraction is formed) (to/at the)
à + le
(to/at + the)
au (contraction is formed) (to/at the)
à + l’
(to/at + the)
à l’ (no contraction is formed) (to/at the)
à + les
(to/at + the)
aux (contraction is formed) (to/at the)
c. Conjunctions (page 58)
1. Meaning:and, but, or
2. Uses: to link two ideas or two sentences together
3. In French:
i. ET= and
ii. MAIS= but
iii. OU = or
d. Est-ce que (page 60)
1. Meaning: there is no direct translation but is similar to the word “do”
when we ask questions.
2. Uses: To ask a yes or no question.
3. Example: Est-ce que tu aimes la glace? (Do you like ice-cream?)
III. Chapter 3
a. Adjective Agreement (page 84)
1. Adjective: A word that describes a noun
2. In French: Because every noun in French has a gender (masculine
or feminine), the adjective must agree in gender and number with
the noun it describes.
3. Unless your adjective already ends in an unaccented E, to make
most adjectives feminine, just add E.
masc
fem
i. timide
timide
(no accented e so no change)
ii. petit
petite
4. Some adjectives have IRREGULAR feminine forms!
MACULINE
FEMININE
sportif
sportive
paresseux
paresseuse
long
longue
blanc
blanche
bon
bonne
gros
grosse
gentil
gentille
mignon
mignonne
5. To make an adjective plural, most of the time just add “S”
If your adjective already ends in s such as “gros” do not add another s i
in the masculine singular form.
i.
Masculine singular: GROS
ii.
Masculine plural: GROS
b. Possessive Adjectives (page 94)
1. Meaning: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
2. Uses: To show possession to an object or relationship to a person
3. NOTE: Possessive adjectives must agree in GENDER AND NUMBER
with the OBJECT BEING POSSESSED.
4. Possessive Adjectives in French
Determine the gender of what is being
Masculine
Feminine
All Plural
possessed.
Singular
Singular
MY
Mon
Ma
Mes
YOUR (tu)- use if the possessor is one
Ton
Ta
Tes
HIS/ITS
Son
Sa
Ses
HER/ITS
Son
Sa
Ses
OUR
Notre
Notre
Nos
YOUR (vous)- use if the possessor is more
Votre
Votre
Vos
Leur
Leur
Leurs
person
than one person or you are talking to
someone formally like a teacher
THEIR
These words should correspond with who the
possessor is.
These words should agree with the object being
possessed.
EX: His dad. Because DAD is masculine singular you
would choose “his” in the masculine singular form
“SON”
c. Contractions with DE (page 96)
1. Meaning: de means “from” or “of”
2. Contractions with de: when the definite articles LE/LA/LES and L’
are added to de, contractions are sometimes formed.
i. Contractions in French are MANDATORY unlike in English
de + la
(from/of + the)
de la (no contraction is formed) (from/of the)
de + le
(from/of + the)
du (contraction is formed) (from/of the)
de + l’
(from/of + the)
de l’ (no contraction is formed) (from/of the)
de + les
(from/of + the)
des (contraction is formed) (from/of the)
d. C’est VS Il/Elle est (page 98)
1. Meaning: He is; She is; It’s
2. CE SONT: the plural of C’est meaning “they are”
3. Use C’est with…
a. A person’s name
C’est Malic!
b. An article
C’est un stylo.
c. A possessive adjective with a noun
C’est ma mère
d. An article + noun+ adjective
C’est un chien brun.
IV. Chapter 4
a. Adjectives as nouns (page 130)
1. Uses: to avoid repetition, you can drop a noun, leaving an article and an
adjective to stand for it.
Refers to the blue
bag.
a. Tu aimes le sac bleu? (drop the noun)
Oui, j’aime le bleu.
Refers to the little girl.
b. La petite fille adore le foot.
La petite adore le foot.
Refers to the pink pencil case.
Refers to the blue bag
c. Tu aimes les trousses roses ou noires?
Je préfère les roses.