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AT TSTRA BURCH RD KA IN N K. VA NSTR. ARINGE LOTH AN LA M PT N VA N DE BE I HI NTEL SS TR . SST EN JN LA N A TRA JSS TRAAT PAR I NAAMSES NAAMSESTRAAT RA ST VE T H. AAT ESTR IENC SC CON EV PA KE N ST RA A T RS ES T NAAMSE POORT EVEST NAAMS T ES L A N A A IN LA RD IER KA RC E M EG UU SE A NW RV N EE TE A IJ MS ES T W C D AN LA N NE NA A E OUD L CE The Trilingual College was founded by Hiëronymus van Busleyden (ca. 1470-1517), councillor in the Great Council of Mechelen and good friend of the humanist Erasmus. Van Busleyden founded the college in his will and it opened three years after his death. The three Biblical languages, Hebrew, Greek and Latin, were studied and taught at the Trilingual College. Erasmus compiled the syllabus and organised the practical educational elements. Guy Morillon (see number 7), secretary to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, became the Greek professor. Their innovative, critical Bible research quickly led to conflicts with the university that was organised more along medieval lines. The stone spiral staircase in the corner of the N LAA inner square is W the The building currently houses a restaurant. IJNoriginal. E PL NE TI N KA A ST EF NAAMSESTRA AT TI ES E IL N A EB AA T STRAAT IN A AK RAA N T DRI K SCHAPENSTRAAT EG ST EE NW MS E NA A RK ERSDRE HOVENI GROOT BEGIJNHO SPO FORWEGSTRAAT HERTOG YL RO NA HALV ES ME TR RC AA PA AT T D OR - H PR E E PAR IJ A N A KARMELIETENBERG KS PA TR M L A BA 11 CI POORT T VES MSE NAA NIEUWE KERKHOFDREEF NS KEIBERG STRAAT IOTEBER LES D T R A H C A ST R A RK PA US T A ON T-D N I S PARK- OE ER L CE STRAAT HA ND BO ER M KEIBERG ZWARTZUSTERSSTR. N SCHAPENSTRAAT A LA 09 GR SE RG BE A N TJ N EG W N EE M KA AN ST O.L.VROUWST DIJLE LA EN SE O.L.VROUWST DIJLE JN RG 10 AA TI N AA BE S MI EN S LE L A A IN RD 08 LD N A LA ER CI CE NL NE N NAAMSE POORT ER LE STO T RAA T d QU SI IN NT BE TE RG NS - d IJ 03 VISMARKT - BUSLEYDENGANG AAN KR STRAKEN. RV S (TRILINGUAL COLLEGE) NSL TST JU DRIETALENCOLLEGE EE NG MUN c TBERIO LES DE T CHAR A STRA RK PA US AT ON -D T SIN TE LE GB 09 10 PHIL IPSS ITE EG W N ST EE GROENEWEG SI N SSTR AA UU RS REDINGEN E -VEST HOF ST A AA LA ENS G LE CE TJ NL JAN SEN IU REEF IN KON S MI RAMBERG LD KAPE During the tumultuous but fascinating 16th century of Reformation and CounterReformation, Michiel Coxcie resolutely supported the Catholic side. He painted religious scenes commissioned by and to serve as propaganda for the Catholic church. One can identify numerous traces of this turbulent period in Leuven’s city centre. During this walk, you will explore some remarkable buildings into which the new visual language of the Italian Renaissance reluctantly found its way. You discover the original locations of Coxcie’s works, which are now exhibited in M-Museum Leuven. You will also become acquainted with several of the painter’s intellectual and cultural contemporaries. In the 16th century, the university city represented the ultimate meeting place for the intellectual avant-garde: Erasmus (1466-1536), Juan Luis Vives (ca. 1492-1540), Mercator (1512-1594), Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), Justus Lipsius (1547-1606) and many other notable figures. N NE IJ B E G ON AST E Michiel Coxcie (1499 - 1592) was one of the most influential Renaissance painters in the Low Countries. After living and working in Italy for several years, he introduced the pure Renaissance style here. He was dubbed “the Flemish Raphael”. In his time, he was already considered to be Raphael’s Flemish equal. EW OUD AN HO SI ST ING KON N GE GROENEWEG LE EG VE coxcie_wandelpakketten_engels_05.indd 1 AAN IJNL NW e 2 GE The Rotterdam-born humanist Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) resided in Leuven for several years. The sculptor René Rosseel presents the author of “The Praise of Folly” (Lof der Zotheid) with a critical look and a meaningful smile. During his initial stay in Leuven, from 1502 to 1506, Erasmus was offered a chair at the university, as a result of the theologian Adrian Boeyens’ mediation, but he refused. Boeyens was later appointed Pope Adrian VI (see number 8). Following a journey through Italy and England, Erasmus once again settled in Leuven. It was during this stay, from 1517 to 1521, that he put his stamp on the collegium Trilingue, or Trilingual College (see number 3). ZWARTZUSTERSSTR. TIE NS ES T RAA T DE ME EG CE Michiel Coxcie The Flemish Raphael R H PR ENSDTIKER E R . EN DI STKR . VO ER UC IJN E KA P V HO EN DE ZEVENHOEKEN - MECHELSESTRAAT N A A M S ES T EEN W EG AA T ATERSTR W .08 KRA K STREN. SS RS E TR EG W EN TST RAMBERG W AV E E 02 W TERASMUS UCIJNENVOER KAP KS c 01 2 MUN c a N LAA TEN ENO DG BON DR IN TER KWA STR . d EI AN LE I HA ND BO KR UIS ST R. PE LG RIM SS TR . PE LG RIM SS TR . KR UIS ST R. E NW R. 07 TRAA OTEDERSTRAAT ERBR REDINGENMIND HOF ST N GE 01 NAAMSEST RAAT I HI NTEL SS TR . VL RA R. 02 02 07 R. JAN SEN IU T T STRAA VAART e E AA T M EC HE LS ES AN TR . LA TRAAT TW TR TS JS RI VAARTS c EE KS N IR K AMER IKA BO LA U AAT RAA SEST b M 03AAT EC OLSTR O HSE CH J TS RI LS L ES b A AN TR a . AN AN SSEL AN NW EI KL RB ESTR L EI C RA DO EN NK EN - DI RK AMER IKA 03 BO L U A D F HO G O BRU STRAAT H 05 R. EST ELS CH ME TE SSEL S JL R. T NS L EK MR ATASRTT R-. 04ALHFAMLAFA 06 . DI T AA AT RA BRU HER TST R. b b F HO BR G OOUW ERSSTR R. EST ELS CH ME R EST ELS CH ME HER TST R. E EG RB 06 PEREBOOMST RAAT The text for Philip II of Spain’s “Royal Entry” was read aloud here on the Grote Markt. With his hand on the Bible, he promised to respect the rights and privileges of Brabant. The Low Countries, led by William I, Prince of Orange, later rebelled against Philip, arguing that the ruler had broken his promise. AT TE 05 GE L STRAAT BURCHT C Hogeschoolplein N K. VA ENSTR. ING R A H LOT Oude Markt d IJSS TR . c LFMAARTHA STRAAT 04 PEREBOOMST RAAT PAR Vismarkt C b AT NAAMSESTRAAT Margarethaplein IE T a HALV ES TR RC AA PA AT T O D R - ST RA AT SQUARES BRO UW ERS ST The Tafelrond basically formed the square’s backdrop. The current building is a fairly faithful 20th century copy of the original from ca. 1480. It housed the chambers of rhetoric (dramatic societies) that enhanced the city’s festivities with theatrical performances and odes. The Grote Markt served as an auditorium. The Tafelrond is now converted into a hotel and restaurant. MICHIEL COXCIE - GOSSAERT & COXCIE E T AA E314 A2 JL ALSO WORTH A STROLL Leuven’s Grote Markt was conceived as an open-air reception area where the city could showcase its power and wealth. This was where every new duke conducted his “Blijde Intrede” (Royal Entry). In 1549, it was the turn of Philip II of Spain, son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and heir to the throne. Leuven had constructed an impressive stage for the occasion with fanciful Renaissance decoration, the work of the city’s masterpainter Jan van Rillaer. Michiel Coxcie was called on to produce the decorations for Philip’s “Royal Entry” into Brussels a few days after that in Leuven. DI R EST ELS CH ME GROTE MARKT 01 20/09/13 13:46 SINT-GEERTRUI 04 ABDIJ EN KERK PAUSCOLLEGE (ST GERTRUDE’S ABBEY AND CHURCH) HOGESCHOOLPLEIN 3 08 HALFMAARTSTRAAT The St. Gertrude’s Abbey was one of the most prestigious abbeys in former Brabant. The choir stalls from 1540-1544 at the church abbey are regarded as the showpiece. Commissioned by Abbot Philippe de Hosden, Michiel Coxcie painted the main altar’s Passion triptych, which can now be found in M-Museum Leuven. This same Abbot also commissioned the building of the Sacrement Chapel, which is a rare example of religious architecture in Renaissance style. DE TIEN GEBODEN 05 (THE TEN COMMANDMENTS) MECHELSESTRAAT NR. 110-128 These properties were built by the St. Gertrude’s Abbey as a safe investment and rented to private individuals. The houses consist of two series of five virtually identical homes and are a fine illustration of the transition from Gothic to the Renaissance style. The name Ten Commandments was only given to the row of houses after they had been constructed. The Sixth to the Tenth, still built in the late Gothic style, were built at the behest of Abbot Pieter Was. His successor, Philippe de Hosden nevertheless, resolutely chose the new Renaissance style for the construction of the First to the Fifth. The First, Second and Third were destroyed as the result of an explosion during a fire in 1967. The current new buildings respect their silhouette. TIPS (POPE’S COLLEGE) At the beginning of the 16th century, this was the home of Adrian Boeyens, deacon of the collegiate church of Saint Peter. He was partly responsible for educating the young Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1515, he went to Spain to pave the way for the latter’s kingship. He was never to return to Leuven as he was elected Pope quite unexpectedly. He was a pious man who led an ascetic lifestyle. Therefore, he was shocked at his predecessors’ decadent lifestyle in Rome. He abhorred the “immoral nude” that Michelangelo had painted in the Sistine Chapel and he forbade access to the Belvedere, which in his view housed offensive Roman statues. Adrian died in 1523. In his will, he founded the Pope’s college at his home in Leuven. Nothing remains of the original building. The Dutch Cardinal Willem van Enckevoirt, whom Adrian still knew from his days in Leuven, was also staying in Rome at the time. Van Enckevoirt appreciated Renaissance art and commissioned Michiel Coxcie to paint frescoes during the latter’s stay in Rome. MERCATOR 06 VAN DALE COLLEGE 09 MERCATORPAD NAAMSESTRAAT 80 The statue of the scholar and cartographer Mercator (1512-1594) befittingly adorns the neighbourhood in which he studied and worked. The statue by Raoul Biront was a gift from the Leuven Merchants Association to commemorate its 55th anniversary. Mercator, one of Coxcie’s contemporaries, obtained the basic qualification “magister in de artes” at the university in Leuven and then taught himself cartography. He subsequently settled in Leuven for some time and concentrated on practising cartography and producing scientific instruments. This appeared to be of great use for expanding the Spanish Empire under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. NAAMSESTRAAT On the way back from the Van Dale College to the Grote Markt. The Baroque Saint Michael’s Church from the mid-17th century is a typical church from the Counter-Reformation, the Catholic response to the Reformers. One can observe how the Jesuits interpreted the new instructions from the Council of Trent (1545-1563) in the highly theatrical interior. To a certain extent, Coxcie’s life played out in parallel to the expansion of the Reformation in the Low Countries. Discontentment with the Catholic Church grew in the first quarter of the 16th century, culminating in the infamous Iconoclastic Fury in 1566. When the situation also ignited in Mechelen, Coxcie had had enough. As a sprightly sixty-year-old, he waged war, “with a sword on my body, against anyone who wants to participate in the Iconoclastic Fury”. In his later work, Coxcie adopted an unmistakably Catholic visual language and became the first painter of the premature Counter-Reformation. This evolution can be clearly observed in the “Michiel Coxcie, The Flemish Raphael” exhibition in M-Museum Leuven. KASTEELPARK ARENBERG 1, 3001 HEVERLEE Not on the walk, but definitely worth a detour (by bicycle or bus, Line 2). William of Croy (mentor to the man who would later become Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and his wife Maria van Hamal built this Renaissance chateau on the remains of a much older medieval castle. It provided the backdrop for resplendent parties often attended by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and his court. Duke Charles II later made the chateau a focal point for Renaissance culture. ONZE-LIEVE-VROUWSTRAAT 18 - PREDIKHERENSTRAAT THE MORILLON TRIPTYCH - COXCIE (SAINT-MICHAEL’S CHURCH) (ARENBERG CASTLE) (MARTIN’S KLOOSTER/HOUSE MORILLON) “The Morillon triptych”, painted by Michiel Coxcie, depicts the Morillon family in full regalia. In 1556, Michiel Coxcie was commissioned by Maximilian Morillon to create the “The Triumph of Christ” triptych for the family cenotaph in Leuven’s Saint Peter’s Church. The work is now part of the M-Museum Leuven collection. 10 KASTEEL ARENBERG 11 MARTIN’S KLOOSTER/HUIS MORILLON 07 This 16th century building was the residence of Guy Morillon, secretary to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. In this position, Morillon played an important role in the organisation of the Habsburg Empire. Morillon’s son, Maximilian, was also an influential figure and became Bishop of Tournai. Morillon’s other son Antoine, and his grandson Hiëronymus van Winghe in particular, were renowned humanists. The name Martin’s Klooster refers to the Augustinian sisters that lived here in the 20th century. SINT-MICHIELSKERK The Van Dale College is the only preserved pure Renaissance building in Leuven. The palazzo with its cortile is vaguely inspired by Maria of Hungary’s palace in Binche. Maria was the sister of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and governess of the Low Countries from 1530. The building is currently used by the KU Leuven. The Renaissance architecture harkens back to Roman times. The humanists had rediscovered the writings of the Roman architect Vitruvius. Renaissance architecture is therefore based on theories and does not copy the remains of Roman buildings. In the Low Countries, the construction principles were distributed in a translation of “Quarto Libro” by the Italian Serlio, published by Pieter Coecke van Aelst in 1542. Architectural drawings by Hans Vredeman de Vries also exerted considerable influence. Maria of Hungary had seen the painting “The Descent from the Cross” by Van der Weyden in the chapel of the Leuven guild of archers and desperately wanted to possess it. She proposed a deal: a perfect copy by her court painter Michiel Coxcie along with a new organ for the chapel, in exchange for the original. She would later offer the painting as a gift to Philip II of Spain, who commissioned Michiel Coxcie to produce additional copies. Thanks to Ann Smets and Luc Philippe coxcie_wandelpakketten_engels_05.indd 2 20/09/13 13:46