Download B261 Pathophysiology and Pharmacology

B261 Pathophysiology and
Pharmacology
EXAM REVIEW
Question #1
When administering once daily
diphenhydramine (Benadryl), the nurse should
advise the client to take it:
A. In the morning
B. After meals
C. Before meals
D. In the evening
Question #2
Epinephrine is a(n):
A.
B.
C.
D.
Adrenergic neurotransmitter
Cholinergic neurotransmitter
Histaminergic neurotransmitter
Dopaminergic neurotransmitter
Question #3
As a medication, epinephrine is used to:
A. Reverse the effects of cholinergic toxicity.
B. Treat high blood pressure.
C. Treat bronchospasms from severe allergic
reactions.
D. Alleviate neuromuscular spasms.
Question #4
In regards to safety concerns, the nurse should
be aware that morphine and other opioid
agonists:
A. Can raise blood pressure
B. Can depress the respiratory center in the CNS
C. Can cause severe allergic reactions
D. Can be habit-forming when taken long-term
Question #5
An overdose on Hydrocodone/acetominophen
(Norco, Lortab) can cause:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Renal failure
Heart failure
Ototoxicity
Liver failure
Question #6
Other than reducing pain, acetominophen
(Tylenol) has the following actions:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Reduces fever
Reduces inflammation
Reduces platelet aggregation
Causes gastric distress
Question #7
The most problematic adverse effect of using
aspirin in adults to treat pain and/or
inflammation is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tremors
Sleepiness
Bleeding
Confusion
Question #8
Both ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) and celecoxib
(Celebrex) are classified as NSAIDS. The
difference between them is:
A. Ibuprofen has less gastrointestinal upset.
B. Celecoxib has less gastrointestinal upset.
C. Ibuprofen is associated with a risk for stroke.
D. Celecoxib has no affect on platelet
aggregation.
Question #9
Which of the following medications can treat
inflammation? (Select all that apply)
A. Aspirin
B. Acetominophen (Tylenol)
C. Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
D. Celecoxib (Celebrex)
E. Morphine sulfate
F. Predisone (Cortisone, Deltasone)
Question #10
In a fight-or-flight response, natural cortisone is
released from the adrenal glands. Since
prednisone is a medication that mimics
cortisone, one of it’s side effects is to:
A. Vasoconstrict blood vessels
B. Raise blood sugar for sustained energy
C. Dilate the pupils
D. Raise blood pressure and heart rate
Question #11
Dopamine is both a natural neurotransmitter,
and a medication. When given intravenously, it
acts to:
A. Raise heart rate and blood pressure
B. Lower heart rate and blood pressure
C. Raise body temperature and respirations
D. Lower body temperature and respirations
Question #12
Atropine is a(n):
A.
B.
C.
D.
Adrenergic neurotransmitter
Cholinergic neurotransmitter
Anticholinergic neurotransmitter
Antihistaminergic neurotransmitter
Question #13
Carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet) is used to treat:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Muscle spasms
Cerebral palsy
Parkinson’s disease
Multiple sclerosis
Question #14
When medications have a half-life of 2-4 hours,
they have to be administered:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Once a day (Qday)
Every hour (Q1h)
Twice a day (BID)
Three to four times a day (TID-QID)
Question #15
Dietary education for carbidopa/levodopa
(Sinemet) should include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates.
Take the medication on an empty stomach.
Increase protein content of meals.
Take the medication with milk or food.
Question #16
Clinical uses of atropine include: (Select all that
apply)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Treat neuromuscular spasms
Stop severe diarrhea
Dry up secretions before surgery
Reverse symptoms of cholinergic toxicity
Question #17
The therapeutic use of cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
is to:
A. Relax spasticity of muscles
B. Reduce inflammation around the muscles
C. Relieve muscle spasms
D. Reduce pain associated with muscle injury
Question #18
Common side effects of cyclobenzaprine
(Flexeril) include: (Select all that apply)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Drowsiness
Drop in blood pressure when standing up
Hypertension
Insomnia
Question #19
Important patient education for individuals taking
baclofen (Lioresal) should include: (Select all that
apply)
A. Do not abruptly stop the medication.
B. Avoid taking this product with any central
nervous system depressants.
C. Always take this product on an empty
stomach.
D. Sit or stand up slowly to avoid BP drops.
Question #20
Which of the following anesthesia agents is
contraindicated for patients who have a seizure
disorder?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pentobarbital sodium
Fentanyl
Propofol (Diprivan)
Pancuronium
Question #21
Which of the following medications can be used
as a surgical induction agent and also to reduce
or prevent seizures?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pentobarbital sodium
Fentanyl
Propofol (Diprivan)
Pancuronium
Question #22
Patients who receive pancuronium, vecuronium
or succinylcholine for neuromuscular blockade
experience the following: (Select all that apply)
A. Unconsciousness
B. Skeletal muscle paralysis
C. Respiratory muscle paralysis
D. Anesthesia (loss of pain sensations)
Question #23
A patient receives a lidocaine (Xylocaine)
injection in her gums prior to dental work then
reports fine tremors and a rapid heart beat. The
nurse determines that:
A. The patient is having an anxiety attack.
B. The patient is allergic to the lidocaine.
C. Some of the lidocaine has gotten into her
bloodstream.
D. There was probably a medication error
committed.
Question #24
Fentanyl is a potent analgesic used for the
management of pain. It’s onset of action when
used in topical forms (e.g. transdermal patch) is
24 hours, and it’s duration of action is:
A. 6-12 hours
B. 12-24 hours
C. 48-72 hours
D. 72-96 hours
Question #25
Which of the following factors will affect oral
medication absorption? (Select all that apply)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Presence of food in the stomach
Presence of protein in the bloodstream
pH (acidity) of the stomach
Motility (action) of the gastrointestinal tract
Question #26
Which of the following factors affect the
distribution of a medication to its target area?
(Select all that apply)
A. Genetics (CP450 liver Enzymes)
B. Renal impairment
C. Degree of protein binding of the drug
D. The circulatory system
Question #27
Which of the following foods have an inhibitory
effect on C450 enzymes in the liver?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Milk products
Protein rich foods
Orange juice
Grapefruit juice
Question #28
Which of the following herbal substances
induces liver enzymes and can therefore make
some medications less effective?
A. St. John’s Wort
B. Ginseng
C. Gingko biloba
D. Kava-kava
Question #29
Which of the following patients is most
susceptible to drug toxicities?
A. 16-year old with acne
B. 28-year old with diabetes
C. 45-year old with hypertension
D. 68-year old with hepatitis
Question #30
The most important organ system in elimination
of medication by-products is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
The hepatic system
The gastrointestinal system
The renal system
The endocrine system
Question #31
Medications that mimic or stimulate the
sympathetic nervous system are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Adrenergic agonists
Cholinergic agonists
Adrenergic antagonists
Dopaminergic antagonists
Question #32
The half-life of a drug is determine by the drug’s:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Therapeutic index
Minimally effective dose
First pass effect
P450 enzyme activity
Question #33
An herbal treatment that may have an
interaction effect with anticoagulant
medications is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
St. John’s Wort
Ginseng
Gingko biloba
Valerian
Question #34
The fastest route of absorption for medications
is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Oral
Intramuscular
Topical
Intravenous
Question #35
A precipitant, or cloudy white substance found
in a previously clear medication, is a sign of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chemical incompatibility of two medications
Physical incompatibility of two medications
An expired medication
A normal variance in medication appearance
Question #36
An herbal remedy that definitely should be
avoided during pregnancy is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ginger
Peppermint tea
Echinacea
Feverfew
Question #37
The long-term use of prednisone, a
corticosteroid, can result in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Reduced sensitivity to pain
Increased susceptibility to infections
Reduced endurance and stamina
Disruptions in blood flow to organs
Question #38
Using hydrocodone/acetominophen (Norco,
Lortab) even for a short period of time can have
the side effect of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Constipation
Frequency in urination
Insomnia
Excessive salivation