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Special Senses: Vision and Hearing
Wish List
Vision
OUTLINE
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Know and be able to identify the external anatomy and accessory structures of
the eye (p 189-190)
Know and be able to identify the internal anatomy of the eye (p 191-193)
Know and be able to identify the microscopic anatomy of the retina (p 193)
Understand and be able to explain the visual pathways to the bran (p 194)
Know and be able to explain eye reflexes (p 200)
Be able to identify and label all features in Figures 1-5 (pp 190-194)
KEY TERMS
External Anatomy and Accessory Structures
 Lacrimal apparatus
 Lacrimal gland
 Lacrimal canals
 Lacrimal sac
 Nasolacrimal duct
 Eyelids (palpebrae)
 Medial and lateral canthus
 Caruncle
 Conjunctiva
 Conjunctivitis
 Eyelashes
 Ciliary glands
 Tarsal (meibomian) glands
 Extrinsic eye muscles
Internal Anatomy of the Eye
 Fibrous tunic
 Schlera
 Uvea
 Vascular tunic
 Choroid
 Ciliary body
 Ciliary process
 Iris
 Pupil
 Sensory tunic
 Retina
 Pigmented epithelial layer
 Neural (nervous) layer
 Rods
 Cones
 Optic disc
 Macula lutea
 Fovea centralis
 Lens
 Suspensory ligament
 Ciliary zonule
 Cataracts
 Anterior segment
 Aqueous humor
 Posterior segment
 Vitreous humor/vitreous body
 Anterior and posterior chambers
 Ciliary processes
 Schleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
 Glaucoma
Microscopic Anatomy of the Retina
 Photoreceptors
 Bipolar cells
 Ganglion cells
 Rods
 Cones
 Optic nerve
Visual Pathways to the Brain
 Optic chiasma
 Optic tracts
 Lateral geniculate body
 Optic radiation
 Optic/visual cortex
Eye Reflexes
 Photopupillary reflex
 Convergence reflex
Hearing
OUTLINE
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Know and be able to identify the structures of the ear (p 211-213)
Know and be able to identify the microscopic anatomy of the Organ of Corti
and the mechanism of hearing (p 213-214)
Know and be able to explain the microscopic structure of the Cochlea (p 214)
Understand and be able to explain audiometry (p 216-217)
Know and be able to identify the microscopic anatomy of the Equilibrium
Apparatus and mechanisms of equilibrium (p 217-218)
Know and be able to identify the microscopic structure of the Crista
Ampullaris (p 218)
Be able to identify, label, and explain all features in Figures 1-5, 7-8 (pp 212-214,
217-218)
KEY TERMS
Structures of the Ear
 Outer/external ear
 Auricle/pinna
 Lobule
 External acoustic meatus
 Auditory canal
 Ceruminous glands
 Tympanic membrane (ear drum)
 Middle ear
 Tympanic cavity
 Ossicles
- Malleus (hammer)
- Incus (anvil)
- Stapes (stirrup)
 Oval window
 Pharyngotympanic/auditory tube
 Otitis media
 Inner/internal ear
 Osseous/bony labyrinth
 Perilymph
 Membranous labyrinth
 Endolymph
 Vestibule
 Semicircular canals
 Cochlea
 Cochlear duct
 Scala vestibule
 Scala tympani
 Round window
 Spiral organ of Corti
 Cochlear nerve
Microscopic Anatomy of the Organ of Corti and the Mechanism of Hearing
 Basilar membrane
 Tectorial membrane
 Vestibular membrane
 Scale media
Presbycusis
Audiometry
Microscopic Anatomy of the Equilibrium Apparatus and Mechanisms of Equilibrium
 Vestibular apparatus
 Utricle
 Saccule
 Membranous semicircular ducts
 Mechanism of dynamic equilibrium
 Ampulla
 Crista ampullaris
 Cupula
Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Crista Ampullaris
 Maculae
 Hair cells
 Mechanism of static equilibrium
 Otolithic membrane
 Otoliths