Download Chapter 3 Activities (part I) - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges

AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
3.I.1
3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Chambers of the heart
1. On the diagram, use your ruler to draw lines to identify the structures of the heart listed
below.
2.
•
Right and left atrium and ventricle.
•
Pulmonary artery.
•
Pulmonary vein.
•
Aorta.
•
Tricuspid valve.
•
Bicuspid valve.
•
Atrioventricular (AV) valves – tricuspid and pulmonary valves.
•
Semilunar (SL) valves – aortic and pulmonary valves.
•
Septum.
Indicate with arrows where blood enters and leaves the heart.
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3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
3.I.2
1.
AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
The conduction system of the
heart
On the diagram, label the structures involved in the conduction of the cardiac impulse
through the heart, which are listed below.
Adapted from: Seeley and Tate
•
Sinoatrial (SA) node
•
AV node
•
Left atrium
•
Bundle of His
•
Left and right branches
•
Left ventricle
•
Right ventricle
•
Right atrium
•
Apex of the heart
•
Purkinje fibres
•
Septum
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AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
3.I.3
3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Cardiac cycle
Briefly describe, in order, the events during the cardiac cycle in the diagrams below.
Diastole
Atrial systole
Ventricular systole
Lungs
Lungs
Body
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45
3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
3.I.4
AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
Distribution of cardiac
output at rest
‘Approximately
litres of blood is pumped out of the heart every minute.’
•
Look at the distribution of cardiac output during resting conditions in the diagram below.
•
To simplify the diagram, let us split all the divisions into:
(a) muscles
(b) organs (liver, kidneys, heart, brain and others).
Muscles (20%)
1000ml
Liver (27%)
1350ml
Heart (4%)
200ml
Skin (6%)
300ml
Kidneys (22%)
1100ml
Brain (14%)
700ml
Other (7%)
350ml
1
Where is the greatest percentage of cardiac output distributed during resting
conditions?
2
In relation to their overall mass compare the percentage of cardiac output
distributed to the kidneys, and that distributed to the muscles.
3
Why is the distribution of cardiac output to muscles so low during resting
conditions, despite the larger surface area of muscle?
46
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AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
3.I.5
3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Distribution of cardiac output
during exercise
2. Fill in the missing spaces with the following words:
supply
cardiac output
oxygen
demand
increased
During exercise the muscles’
intensity.
for
increases in line with exercise
If the
of oxygen is to be met then the % of
working muscles will need to be
.
distributed to the
3. Show your understanding of the redistribution of cardiac output during exercise by filling in
the spaces to label the graph below. Use the labels provided.
80%
REST
MUSCLES
ORGANS
EXERCISE
20%
Redistribution of cardiac output from rest to exercise
Approx
Cardiac output Q
Q
Approx
Q
AT
DURING
Intensity
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3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
3.I.6
AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
Stroke volume response to
exercise
1. Stroke volume is determined by four main factors:
•
volume (Starling’s Law of the Heart)
•
ventricular
(EDV)
•
ventricular
/force of contraction (ESV)
•
and
artery pressure.
Stroke volume (SV)
? with exercise intensity
2. What happens to SV as exercise intensity increases?
3. What happens to SV before exercise intensity approaches maximal working capacity?
4. Why does SV not continue to increase towards maximal capacity as exercise intensity
increases?
5. What is the benefit of an increased SV during exercise?
48
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AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
3.I.7
3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Heart rate, stroke volume and Q
response to changes in posture
and exercise
Study the three graphs and the table below, and answer the following questions.
Active untrained male
HR (bpm)
SV (ml)
Q (L/min)
From: reclining/supine
50
95
5.2
To: sitting
55
70/80
4.7
Standing/upright
60
60/70
4.2
Walking
90
80/90
9
Jogging
140
110
15
Fast paced running
190
130
25
Cycling
185
120
22
Swimming
170
135
23
1. What happens to heart rate (HR) as exercise intensity increases?
2. What happens to SV from supine to sitting and then to standing? Why?
3. What happens to cardiac output (Q) from supine to sitting and standing?
4. What happens to HR, SV and Q from walking to jogging and running?
5. Why does the swimmer have the highest SV?
6.
Why does the cyclist have the lowest SV from the three exercise activities?
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3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
3.I.8
AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
Resting cardiac output, stroke
volume and heart rate
1. Fill in the missing information to provide definitions and volumes for HR, SV and Q.
70
The amount of blood ejected from the heart each time the ventricles contract.
100
The amount of blood ejected from the heart ventricles in 1 minute.
4970
5
Heart Rate
(HR)
The number of ventricular
contractions in one minute.
Untrained
bpm
Trained
50bpm
Stroke
Volume (SV)
Untrained
71ml
Trained
ml
Cardiac
Output (Q)
Untrained
ml (4.97
litres)
Trained
5000ml (
litres)
Cardiac output (Q)
50
×
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AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
3.I.9
3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Stroke volume
‘The difference in the amount of blood in the ventricle before and after contraction of the
heart.’
1. Write the following three definitions under the appropriate heading.
•
The volume of blood ejected from the heart ventricles per beat.
•
The volume of blood in the ventricles when it has completed its relaxation phase.
•
The volume of blood remaining in the ventricles when it has completed its contraction
phase.
End-Diastolic Volume EDV (before/filling)
__________________________________________________________________________
End-Systolic Volume ESV (after)
__________________________________________________________________________
Stroke Volume SV (difference)
__________________________________________________________________________
2.
Formulate an equation to show the link between the three definitions above.
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Calculate SV during rest and exercise, using the analogy of the glasses below.
__________________________________________________________________________
4. What % of EDV is pumped out at rest?
__________________________________________________________________________
5. What does this tell you?
__________________________________________________________________________
At rest:
Before
After
SV
EDV =
130ml
ESV =
60ml
SV =
? ml
–
=
Notice that around 40–50% of the blood in the ventricles is pumped out at rest.
During exercise:
Before
After
SV
EDV =
130ml
ESV =
10ml
SV =
? ml
–
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=
51
3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
3.I.10
AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
Cardiovascular drift
1. The ‘cardiovascular drift’ shown below is the gradual decrease in SV and increase in HR
during prolonged exercise. Research and discuss what might cause cardiovascular drift.
<Insert graph showing CV Drift 0435466787_aw_013>
DJC to send
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AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
3.I.11
3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Control of heart rate
1. Put the following words into the appropriate space within the following section.
involuntary
medulla oblongata
intrinsic
cardiac
neural
motor
timings
sympathetic
number
The
in the brain
This contains the following three control centres:
•
the
•
the respiratory control centre
•
the vasomotor control centre.
control centre
The cardiac control centre
This controls the
altered by three factors:
•
•
/
of heart contractions (HR), which are
control (most important)
hormonal control
•
control.
The autonomic nervous system
This is:
•
under
•
made up of sensory/receptor and
nerves
•
motor nerves are referred to as the
and parasympathetic nerves.
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control
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3 The cardiovascular and respiratory systems
3.I.12
AS PE for OCR Teacher Resource File 2nd Edition
Summary of factors affecting
cardiac control centre
Fill in the boxes to complete the summary.
During exercise
Neural
Chemoreceptors
Neural
Neural
Baroreceptors
Proprioreceptors
–
Intrinsic
+
Cardiac
control
centre in
medulla
oblongata
Venous return
+
Intrinsic
Temperature
+
Hormonal
+
Adrenaline
Key + increases HR
Key – decreases HR
54
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