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Annotation Guidelines for Sanskrit
Madhav Gopal and Dr. Girish Nath Jha
This is a guideline for annotating Sanskrit text with Parts-of-Speech (POS) tags
according to the hierarchical POS tagset framework designed at Special Centre for
Sanskrit Studies, JNU, New Delhi following the pattern of Microsoft Research India
Private Limited tagset for Indic languages. Despite significant works on
Computational Sanskrit, POS Tagging of Sanskrit is still in its infancy. The first ever
attempt for tagging Sanskrit corpus was undertaken by Dr. R. Chandrashekar, in his
doctoral thesis under the supervision of Dr. Girish Nath Jha. This work has given us
an insight for finalising our tagset. Thus this Sanskrit tagset has been obtained from
MSRI Indic languages tagset and the Sanskrit tagset by Dr. R. Chandrashekar (2007).
We are thankful to these two sources.
The objective of the guidelines is to provide clear instructions for tagging Sanskrit
text. This tagset consists of categories, types, and their attributes which are the three
different levels of the hierarchy. Categories are the toplevel part-of-speech classes
like noun, adjective, particle etc. Categories are obligatory and types are the main subclasses of categories. Attributes are morpho-syntactic features of Types and all of
them are optional.
1.
2.
A.
B.
C.
3.
Objective
Structure of the tagset
Categories
Types
Attributes
Description of tags
A. Categories and Types:
i. Noun (N)
1. Common (NC)
2. Proper (NP)
ii Verb (V)
iii. Pronoun (P)
1. Pronominal (PPR)
2. Reflexive (PRF)
3. Reciprocal (PRC)
4. Relative (PRL)
5. Wh- (PWH)
iv. Nominal modifier (J)
1. Adjective (JJ)
2. Quantifier (JQ)
v. Demonstrative (D)
1. Absolute (DAB)
2. Relative (DRL)
3. Wh- (DWH)
vi. Adverb (A)
1. Manner (AMN)
2. Location (ALC)
vii. Participle (VB)
1. Participle Proper (VBP)
2. Participle Gerundive (VBG)
viii. Particle (C)
1. Coordinating (CCD)
2. Subordinating (CSB)
3. Classifier (CCL)
4. Interjection (CIN)
5. Negative (CNG)
6. Emphatic (CEM)
7. Other (CX)
ix.Punctuation (PU)
x.Residual (RD)
1.Foreign word (RDF)
2.Symbol (RDS)
3.Others (RDX)
B. Attributes and their values:
1.Gender (Gen)
a.Masculine (mas)
b.Feminine (fem)
c.Neuter (neu)
2. Number (Num)
a. Singular (sg)
b. Dual (dl)
c. Plural (pl)
3. Person (Per)
a. First (1)
b. Second (2)
c. Third (3)
4. Case (Cs)
a. Nominative (nom)
b. Accusative (acc)
c. Instrumental (ins)
d. Dative (dat)
e. Ablative (abl)
f. Genetive (gen)
g. Locative (loc)
h. Vocative (voc)
5. Nominal declension {vibhakti} (Vbh)
a. Prathama (i)
b. Dwitiya (ii)
c. Tritiya (iii)
d. Chaturthi (iv)
e. Panchami (v)
f. Shashthi (vi)
g. Saptami (vii)
h. Vocative (viii)
(case marker)
6. Tense/Mood (Tns/Mood)
a. Present (prs)
b. Aorist (aor)
c. Imperfect (imprf)
d. Perfect (prf)
e. Periphrastic Future (phf)
f. General Future (gft)
g. Imperative (imp)
h. Potential (pot)
i. Benedictive (ben)
j. Conditional (cnd)
7. Numeral (Nml)
a. Ordinal (ord)
b. Cardinal (crd)
c. Non-numeral (nnm)
8. Distance (Dist)
a. Proximal (prx)
b. Distal (dst)
9. Emphatic (Emph)
a. Yes y
b. No n
10. Negative (Neg)
a. Yes y
b. No n
11. Honorificity (Hon)
a. Yes y
b. No n
C. Common value for all the attributes :
a. Not-applicable (0); when any other value is not applicable to the category or the
relevant morpho- syntactic feature is not available.
b. Undecided or doubtful (x); when the annotator is unsure about a possible tag.
4. Special cases
5. Conclusion
1. Objective
The goal of this tagset framework is to annotate (tag) Sanskrit text i.e. to assign to
each word the correct tag (Parts of Speech) in the context of the sentence. In this
framework we would be following the hierarchical and decomposable tagset schema
of IL-POSTS. Despite significant works on Computational Sanskrit, POS Tagging of
Sanskrit is still in its infancy. Part of Speech Annotation serves as fundamental
building blocks for NLP research. This new framework addresses Sanskrit data
exclusively.
2. Structure of the tagset
a. Categories: categories are the primary grammatical classes to which the
words belong. ‘Grammatical’ means grossly the parts of speech through which each
individual word is recognized. E.g., noun, verb, adjective etc.
b. Types: types are the subclasses or finer specification of the categories,
which are determined on the basis of either form or function. E.g., common, proper
etc. as the subcategory of the category ‘noun’.
c. Attributes: attributes are the set of basic morpho-syntactic features of a type,
like, person, number, gender etc.
3. Description of the tags
Always tag the attributes if they are morphologically present. The description of the
tags is elaborated below:
3.1. Categories and their Types and 3.2. their Attributes
While marking the tags, we have to concentrate on forms for the attributes, i.e., if the
attributes are present in the word morpho-syntactically, we mark the attributes
accordingly. But, we have to concentrate on function also while marking the types.
However, this is a guiding principle only and may vary depending on the context.
3.1.1 NOUNS (N)
The types and attributes of a NOUN are –
TYPE
ATTRIBUTES
Common Noun (NC) gender, number, case, nominal declension
Proper noun (NP)
gender, number, case, nominal declension
A noun is generally inflected for gender, number, case and obviously for nominal
declension.
COMMON NOUN
Common nouns in this tagset are the words that belong to the types of common noun
(person, place or a thing), abstract noun (emotions, ideas etc), collective noun (group
of things, animals, or persons), countable and non-countable nouns, and nouns in a
complex verb etc.
Gender:
As Sanskrit has grammatical gender only, so in this framework we propose to tag
words with their grammatical gender and we don't consider their semantic (natural)
gender. There are no definite rules that can be laid down for the determination of the
gender of words in Sanskrit. It can best be studied from the dictionary or from usage.
There are certain words that are found in more than one gender and we annotate them
according to their meaning as meaning is determined by gender in such cases. For
example the word मित्र 'mitra' is found in masculine (मित्रः) 'mitrah' meaning sun and
in neuter (मित्रि ्) 'mitram' meaning friend. There are also some words whose natural
gender and the grammatical gender coincide.
Number:
In Sanskrit selecting the value of number attribute is not a tricky task. Unlike most of
Indian languages Sanskrit has three numbers: singular, dual, and plural. And for each
number generally Sanskrit words have different inflections. There are certain words
whose number is fixed for all usages, for example अप ् 'ap' (water) is always used in
plural in all its declensions. One needs to be well acquainted with Sanskrit grammar
to do this job.
Case:
In Paninian grammatical framework six cases have been acknowledged but in this
framework we have assumed eight cases for the sake of uniformity in Indian
languages and linguistic description, as they do exist in practical. Thus we have
incorporated genitive and vocative cases and given them full status of a case.
Case
Most frequent declension
a.Nominative (nom)
first
b.Accusative (acc)
second
c.Instrumental (ins)
third
d.Dative (dat)
fourth
e.Ablative (abl)
fifth
f.Genetive (gen)
sixth
g.Locative (loc)
seventh
h.Vocative (voc)
eighth
For the case recognition in Sanskrit one doesn't have any problem provided he/she has
a good practical knowledge of "Siddhant Kaumudi" by Bhattoji Dixit. Due to a sound
tradition of learning Sanskrit grammar, we believe, there is no need to say anything
special here except that in this framework we have proposed to mark instrumental
case in the constructions like रािेण, रिया etc. that are in their third declension and
subjects of their verbs by the Paninian rule "कर्क
ृ त रणयोस्र्र्
त ीया".
Nominal Declension:
To find out nominal declension value in Sanskrit might be easy if one has a good
stake of Sanskrit grammar. Generally, nominal declension is determined by the case
of its host. In cases where same word form is found in many declensions it becomes
more difficult to assign any value. However, in the context we see the possible
meaning of the word and try to find out its case, then we can decide its value. One
need to be well acquainted with Sanskrit grammar to do this job.
PROPER NOUN
When the word denotes a specific name of a person, place, shop, institution, date, day,
month, species, etc., or whatever is considered to be a name would be marked as
proper noun. If the word is of some other category, but is used as a proper noun in a
context; should be marked as proper noun.
The attributes and their assignment in Proper nouns are the same as those for
Common nouns.
3.1.2 VERB (V)
In Sanskrit, only a finite verb is found in a sentence. For the moment we don't make
any difference between parasmaipada and atmanepada. The attributes of verb are
number, person, tense/mood, and honorificity. Honorificity have to be marked where
a singular entity has been treated as a plural carrying plural form of the verb.
3.1.3 PRONOUN (P)
The types and attributes of pronouns are –
TYPES
ATTRIBUTES
1. Pronominal (PPR) gender, number, person, case, nominal declension, emphatic,
honorificity
2. Reflexive (PRF)
gender, number, case, nominal declension
3. Reciprocal (PRC)
gender, number, case, nominal declension
4. Relative (PRL)
gender, number, person, case, nominal declension
5. Wh (PWH)
gender, number, person, case, nominal declension
PRONOMINALS (PPR)
Pronominal include all personal pronouns, inclusive pronouns and indefinite
pronouns. In the case of indefinite pronouns, person attribute should be annotated as
[3] i.e., third person as they take verb form of third person.
e.g., personal pronouns: अहि ्, त्वि ्, भवान ्, सः etc.
Inclusive Pronouns: सवृि ्, उभयि ् etc.
Indefinite pronouns: कश्चिर् ्, ककिंश्स्वर् ्, etc.
Gender: gender information is morphologically encoded in the pronouns. However,
the first person and second person in Sanskrit have no gender information on their
own. They may be annotated as not applicable (0).
Number: number is morphologically marked in almost all of the cases in pronouns.
The default value is singular ‘sg’. Annotate it as plural ‘pl’ or ‘du’ if number is
morphologically present in the word. In case of inclusive pronouns, the number
attribute should be annotated according to their morphological number in which they
have been used in the sentence.
Person: Person attribute would be annotated only in personal pronouns. While
assigning any person value we have to see of what person verb they are carrying with
them.
Case and Nominal declension marking for pronominals is the same as for nouns.
Emphatic: this attribute is assigned when the pronominals are combined with other
pronouns or nouns .For example, सोहिं -रघूणािन्वयिं वक्ष्ये "that I will describe the race
of the Raghus"; र्े वयिं दियन्त्यर्थं िरािः पथत र्थवीमििाि ् "we, of this description,
roam over the earth for (in search of) Damayanti. Here सः and र्े are for emphatic
information.
Honorificity: honorificity is informed by the use of plural form for singular referent.
It can be found in any of the pronominals.
Emphatic and honorificity are tagged as 'y' (present) and 'n' (absent).
REFLEXIVE: A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that is preceded by the noun or
pronoun to which it refers (its antecedent). In Sanskrit, the sense of the reflexive
pronoun is expresed by the words like आत्िन ्, स्वयि ् etc; e.g. राजा स्वयिं सिरभमू ििं
जगाि "the king himself went to the battlefield. Their gender and number is
determined by their antecedent. For case and declension we have to see the context.
RECIPROCAL: reciprocity is expressed by the repetition of the pronominal
adjectives; e.g. अन्योन्य, इर्रे र्र, एकैक, and परस्पर. These are generally used in the
singular. Their gender is determined by their referents. Their morphological number
and nominal declension should be marked and also the case if it is relevant in the
context, otherwise mark as not applicable.
RELATIVE (PRL): A relative pronoun is a pronoun that links two clauses into a
single complex clause, e.g. यर् ् (which), यि ् (whom), and या (who-fem).
Relative pronouns bear the same attributes as those for the pronominals barring
emphatic and honorificity.
WH- PRONOUNS (PWH): Wh- Pronouns like कः, ककम ्, etc. hold the attributes
gender, number, person, case, and nominal declension.
3.1.4. NOMINAL MODIFIER (J)
The types and attributes of nominal modifiers are –
TYPES
ATTRIBUTES
Adjectives (JJ)
gender, number, case, nominal declension, emphatic, negative,
honorificity
Quantifier (JQ)
gender, number, case, nominal declension, numeral, emphatic
ADJECTIVE
An adjective modifies a noun; hence it is kept as a type of nominal modifier in the
framework. Though adjectives are not always followed by nouns, it can be used as a
predicate too. The first kind is called an attributive adjective and the second type is
called a Predicative adjective. An adjective can function as a noun if not followed by
a modified noun; in that case it is called an absolute adjective. However, these do not
make any difference in the attribute set of the tagset. Nor do the comparative and
superlative adjectives. An adjective in Sanskrit is inflected for gender, number, case,
and nominal declension. In other words it agrees to which it qualifies.
QUANTIFIERS
A quantifier is a word which quantifies the noun, i.e., it expresses the noun’s definite
or indefinite number or amount e.g.,
दशि ्, र्र्
त ीयः, कतर्पय, सवे
We mark gender and number in these words as it is in Sanskrit grammar tradition.
Their case and nominal declension are like those in adjectives.
Numerals: the values for numerals are: cardinal, ordinal and non-numeral. Any word
other than cardinal and ordinals are annotated as non-numerals.
Ordinal: quantifiers those denote the orders
Cardinal: number words
Non-numerals: quantifiers other than numbers and ordinals, which includes
existential, universal quantifiers, modifiers, etc.
Modifiers can modify a noun, as well as a verb. In that case, we presume that there is
an ellipsis of a noun and hence the construction looks like a verbal modifier.
When a quantifier is not followed by a noun annotate it as noun.
3.1.5. DEMONSTRATIVES (D)
Types and attributes of demonstratives areTYPES
ATTRIBUTES
1. Absolute Demonstrative (DAB)
gender, number, person, case, nominal
declension, distance, honorificity
2. Relative Demonstrative (DRL)
gender, number, person, case, nominal
declension, honorificity
3.Wh- Demonstrative (DWH)
gender, number, person, case, nominal
declension, honorificity
ABOSOLUTE DEMONSTRSTIVE
Demonstratives have the same form of the pronouns, but distributionally they are
different than the pronouns as they are always followed by a noun, adjective or
another pronoun.
e.g., इदि ् पुस्र्कि ्, र्द्बालकः, सः िहाभागः,
For all the attributes in demonstrative, go by the rules stated in the pronouns.
RELATIVE DEMONSTRATIVE
Relative demonstratives are non-distinguishable from relative pronouns, except for
that a demonstrative is followed by a noun, pronoun or adjective. In DRL distance
attribute is absent.
यः परु
ु षः, यत्कायृि ्
WH DEMONSTRATIVES
Wh demonstratives are non-distinguishable from whpronouns, except for that a
demonstrative is followed by a noun, pronoun or adjective. The change in the
morphological form is not found. E.g.,
केन बालकेन, कः िहापुरुषः
3.1.6. ADVERB (A)
An adverb belongs to a group of words that modifies the verb, adjective or the
sentence.
Types and attributes of adverbs are TYPES
ATTRIBUTES
Adverbs of Manner (AMN) [0]
Adverbs of Location (ALC) [0]
Almost all adverbs in Sanskrit are indeclinables so, for the moment we are not
assigning them any attribute.
3.1.7 PARTICIPLE (VB)
In this tagset we mean by participles the kridantas which most often function like a
verb and rarely like an adjective in a sentence. They inflect for gender, number, case
and nominal declension. They may be followed by a finite verb. (The kridantas which
behave like a noun or an indeclinable 'avyaya' should not be treated as participles).
The kridantas (primary derivatives) which do not inflect for anything we treat them as
particles.
Types and attributes of participles are TYPES
ATTRIBUTES
1. Participle Proper (VBP)
gender, number, case, nominal declension
2. Participle Gerundive (VBG)
gender, number, case, nominal declension
Dr. R. Chandrashekhar has termed the krityapratyayaantas as gerundives and the rest
as participles. For the time being we are following him. The examples of gerundives
are कायृि ्, कर्ृव्यि ्, करणीयि ् etc. and the participles proper are लभिानि ्, गच्छर् ्,
उक्र्वर् ्, दृष्टवान ्, कररष्यिाण etc.
3.1.8. PARTICLE (C)
A particle is a word that does not belong to one of the main parts of speech, is
invariable in form, and typically has grammatical or pragmatic meaning. Most of
them are Indeclinables 'avyayas’.
TYPES
ATTRIBUTES
1. Coordinating (CCD)
2. Subordinating (CSB)
3. Classifier (CCL)
4. Interjection (CIN)
5. Negative (CNG)
6. Emphatic (CEM)
7. Others (CX)
We don’t assign any attribute for particles. e.g.
नन\ु CX, च\CCD
COORDINATING PARTICLES (CCD)
Coordinating particles are those particles which act as conjunctions that link
constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other. These are similar to
English- and, or and but; e.g.,
ि\CCD, अपपि\CCD etc.
SUBORDINATING PARTICLE (CSB)
A subordinating particle is a particle that acts as conjunction that links constructions
by making one of them a complement of another. E.g., परि ्\CSB, परन्र्\ु CSB,
यर् ्\CSB, र्दपप\CSB etc.
CLASSIFIER PARTICLE (CCL)
A classifier particle acts as unit nouns, e.g., 5০০ कोटटः\CCL, इत्याटद\CCL etc.
INTERJECTION (CIN)
Words that express emotion are interjections, e.g., बर्\CIN, अहो\CIN, हा\CIN,
थिक् \CIN, स्विा\CIN etc.
NEGATIVE PARTICLE (CNG)
The indeclinables which are used for negative meaning are treated under this
category. For example, न\CNG, मा\CNG etc.
EMPHATIC PARTICLE (CEM)
The indeclinables which are used for emphasis should be tagged as CEM. As,
एव\CEM etc.
OTHERS (CX)
This tag is used for all other particles which cannot be grouped under the above
mentioned types. E.g.,
ककल\CX, खलु\CX, र्ु\CX, ककिंथिर् ्\CX. etc.
3.1.9. PUNCTUATION (PU)
The punctuation marks are ‘৷’, ‘,’, “, ‘;’, ‘?’, ‘!’ . They are tagged as ৷\PU. They do
not have any attribute
3.1.10. RESIDUAL (RD)
Residuals are the words those cannot be categorized under any category-type
described so far.
The types of Residual areTYPES
ATTRIBUTES
Foreign word (RDF)
Symbol (RDS)
Others (RDX)
Residuals do not have any attributes.
FOREIGN WORD (RDF)
Foreign words are those words which are written in any foreign script other than
दे वनागरी. And also the borrowed words which are not Sanskritized or foreign names
which are not Sanskritized are dealt as foreign words. E.g.,
buildings\RDF, Alexander\RDF the\RDF great\RDF, ˈaɪzək\RDF ˈæzɪˌmɑv\RDF,
Исаак\RDF Озимов\RDF etc.
SYMBOL (RDS)
Symbols are characters which are not used as punctuation marks. The Devnagari and
Roman abbreviations are treated as Symbols, e.g., $\RDS, &\RDS, +\RDS, %\RDS,
@\RDS, यू.पी.\RDS etc.
OTHERS (RDX)
This tag is given to words that are written in English numerals and in Sanskrit
numerals (for the time being we don’t have any proper tag for them). E.g., 1352\RDX,
907\RDX, ६४७\RDS etc.
4. SPECIAL CASES
PROPER NOUN Vs. COMMON NOUNS
This is an important and problematic aspect of annotation as well as the guidelines.
We consider the nouns as PROPER NOUN if it denotes some name. The words which
precede the name of a person, consider श्री, आचाययः, महोदयः etc. are part of proper
nouns and would be tagged as proper nouns.
5. Conclusion
This is a guideline for Sanskrit parts of Speech tagging which tries to accommodate
small nuances of annotation in natural languages. The broader scope of the framework
is to accommodate all the natural languages of India within a single framework.
However, it is almost an impossible job to capture all the subtleties of a natural
language. This guideline is specific to Sanskrit and aims to give clues in annotation
helping in disambiguation in tagging. This is a first version of the guideline. Possibly
it would not be able to capture many subtleties found in hand. Point out all the
exceptions or examples you find in the corpora, which will be useful in making the
guideline more perfect.
APPENDIX A
EXAMPLES FROM SANSKRIT
महर्यः दयानन्दः
काठियावाड़प्रान्तस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi टं कारानामके\NP.mas.sg.loc.vii
ग्रामे\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii मूलशंकरस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi जन्म\NC.neu.sg.0.i
अभवत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU अस्य\PPR.mas.sg.3.gen.vi.n.n.prx
जनकस्य\NC.mas.sg.gen.vi नाम\NC.neu.sg.0.i क्यणलालः\NP.mas.sg.0.i
आसीत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU अष्टमे\JQ.mas.sg.loc.vii.n.n व्े\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii
मल
ू शंकरस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi यज्ञोपवीत-संस्कारः\NP.mas.sg.0.i अभवत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n
।\PU अस्य\PPR.mas.sg.3.gen.vi.n.n.prx स्मरणशक्तः\NC.fem.sg.0.i
अद्भत
ु ा\JJ.fem.sg.0.i.n.n.n आसीत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU चतद
ु य श\े JQ.mas.sg.loc.vii.n.n
व्े\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii सः\PPR.mas.sg.3.nom.i.n.n.dst यजव
ु ेदसंठहताम ्\NP.fem.sg.acc.ii
कण्िस्थाम ्\JJ.fem.sg.acc.ii.n.n.n अकरोत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU
शशवस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi महत्ां\NC.fem.sg.acc.ii श्रत्ु वा\VBP
सः\PPR.mas.sg.3.nom.i.n.n.dst शशवरात्रौ\NP.fem.sg.loc.vii व्रतम ्\NC.mas.sg.acc.ii
अकरोत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU सः\PPR.mas.sg.3.nom.i.n.n.dst
तस्यां\PPR.fem.sg.3.loc.vii.n.n.dst रात्रौ\NC.fem.sg.loc.vii न\CX सुप्तः\VBP ।\PU
तदा\ALC.0 दे वालये\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii सः\PPR.mas.sg.3.nom.i.n.n.dst
अपश्यत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n यत ्\CSB.n शशवमूर्तिं\NC.fem.sg.acc.ii पररतः\CX
मू्काः\NC.mas.pl.nom.i अकूदय न ्\VBP तत्र\ALC.0 च\CCD.n
पर्ततान ्\JJ.neu.pl.acc.ii.n.n.n तण्डुलान ्\NC.neu.pl.acc.ii अखादन ्\V.pl.3.imprf.n ।\PU
एतत ्\PPR.neu.sg.3.0.i.n.n.prx दृष््वा\VBP मूलशंकरस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi
श्रद्धा\NC.fem.sg.0.i अनश्यत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU अयम ्\DAB.mas.sg.3.nom.i.prx.n
वत्
ृ ान्तः\NC.mas.sg.0.i तस्य\PPR.mas.sg.3.gen.vi.n.n.dst जीवने\NC.neu.sg.loc.vii
महत्त्वपूणःय \JJ.mas.sg.0.i.n.n.n आसीत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU यदा\ALC
मूलशंकरः\NP.mas.sg.nom.i ्ोडशवशीयः\JJ.mas.sg.0.i.n.n.n आसीत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n
तदा\ALC तस्य\PPR.mas.sg.3.gen.vi.n.n.dst चतुदयशव्ीया\JJ.fem.sg.nom.i.n.n.n
अनुजा\NC.fem.sg.nom.i रुग्णा\JJ.fem.sg.0.i.n.n.n अभवत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU
शीघ्रम ्\ALC एव\CX सा\PPR.fem.sg.3.nom.i.n.n.dst प्राणान ्\NC.mas.pl.acc.ii
अत्यजत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU यदा\ALC सः\PPR.mas.sg.3.nom.i.n.n.dst
नवदशवशीयः\JJ.mas.sg.0.i.n.n.n अभवत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n तदा\ALC
तस्य\PPR.mas.sg.3.gen.vi.n.n.dst रपतव्ृ यः\NC.mas.sg.nom.i
रव्चू चकानामकेन\NP.mas.sg.ins.iii रोगेण\NC.mas.sg.ins.iii
आक्रान्तः\JJ.mas.sg.0.i.n.n.n अभवत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n मत
ृ ः\JJ.mas.sg.0.i.n.n.n च\CCD.n
।\PU शशवशलङ्गस्य\NC.mas.sg.gen.vi उपरर\CX मू्काणाम ्\NC.mas.pl.gen.vi
कूदय नेन\NC.neu.sg.ins.iii जीवनस्य\NC.neu.sg.gen.vi च\CCD.n
अकस्थरतया\NC.fem.sg.ins.iii मूलशंकरस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi हृदये\NC.neu.sg.loc.vii
वैराग्यस्य\NC.neu.sg.gen.vi भावना\NC.fem.sg.nom.i उत्पन्ना\JJ.fem.sg.0.i.n.n.n
अभवत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU अस्य\PPR.mas.sg.3.gen.vi.n.n.prx
वैराग्यस्य\NC.neu.sg.gen.vi भावनां\NC.fem.sg.acc.ii ज्ञात्वा\CX
पररवारस्य\NC.mas.sg.gen.vi सदस्याः\NC.mas.pl.nom.i मूलशंकरस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi
रववाहस्य\NC.mas.sg.gen.vi चचन्तां\NC.fem.sg.acc.ii अकुवयन ्\V.pl.3.imprf.n ।\PU
एतत ्\PPR.neu.sg.3.0.i.n.n.prx ज्ञात्वा\CX एकरवंशर्तव्ीयः\JJ.mas.sg.nom.i.n.n.n
मूलशंकरः\NP.mas.sg.nom.i गह
ृ म ्\NC.neu.sg.acc.ii अत्यजत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU
१८६०तमे\JQ.neu.sg.loc.vii.ord.n.n व्े\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii
नवम्बरमासस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi चतुदयशताररकायाम ्\NP.fem.sg.loc.vii
सः\PPR.mas.sg.3.nom.i.n.n.dst मथरु ानगरे \NP.neu.sg.loc.vii गुरोः\NC.mas.sg.gen.vi
रवरजानन्दस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi समीपम ्\CX अगच्छत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n
रवद्याध्ययनं\NC.neu.sg.acc.ii च\CCD.n अकरोत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU
महर्यः\JJ.mas.sg.nom.i.n.n.n दयानन्दः\NP.mas.sg.nom.i सरस्वती\NP.fem.sg.nom.i
मुम्बईनगरे \NP.neu.sg.loc.vii १८५७तमे\JQ.neu.sg.loc.vii.ord.n.n व्े\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii
रवचधपूवक
य म ्\AMN आययसमाजस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi स्थापनाम ्\NC.fem.sg.acc.ii
अकरोत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU शीघ्रम ्\AMN एव\CEM
महर्यदयानन्दस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi प्रयत्नैः\NC.mas.pl.ins.iii
उत्रभारते\NP.mas.sg.loc.vii आययसमाजस्य\NP.mas.sg.gen.vi प्रसारः\JJ.mas.sg.0.i.n.n.n
अभवत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU आययसमाजः\NP.mas.sg.nom.i समाजे\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii
प्रचशलतान ्\JJ.mas.pl.acc.ii.n.n.n अन्धरवश्वासान ्\NC.mas.pl.acc.ii
अस्पश्ृ यताम ्\NC.fem.sg.acc.ii अरवद्यां\NC.fem.sg.acc.ii च\CCD
भारतव्ायद्\NP.mas.sg.abl.v बठहष्कत\ुिं CX प्रयत्नम ्\NC.neu.sg.acc.ii
अकरोत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU महर्यः\JJ.mas.sg.nom.i.n.n.n दयानन्दः\NP.mas.sg.nom.i
ये्ाम ्\DRL.mas.pl.3.gen.vi.0.n शसद्धान्तानाम ्\NC.mas.pl.gen.vi
प्रचारम ्\NC.mas.sg.acc.ii अकरोत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ते\DAB.mas.pl.3.nom.i.dst.n
सवे\PPR.mas.pl.3.nom.i.n.n.0 सत्याथयप्रकाशनामके\NP.mas.sg.loc.vii
ग्रन्थे\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii उकललखखताः\JJ.mas.pl.0.i.n.n.n सकन्त\V.pl.3.prs.n ।\PU
सः\PPR.mas.sg.3.nom.i.n.n.dst संस्काररवचधम ्\NP.fem.sg.acc.ii अरप\CEM
अशलखत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU एतावत ्\PPR.neu.sg.3.0.i.n.n.prx
महत ्\JJ.neu.sg.acc.ii.n.n.n कायिं\NC.neu.sg.acc.ii कृत्वा\CX
१८८३तमे\JQ.neu.sg.loc.vii.ord.n.n व्े\NC.mas.sg.loc.vii
ए्ः\DAB.mas.sg.3.nom.i.prx.n महर्यः\JJ.mas.sg.nom.i.n.n.n ईश्वरं \NP.mas.sg.acc.ii
स्मरन ्\VBP.mas.sg.0.i स्वदे हम ्\NC.mas.sg.acc.ii अत्यजत ्\V.sg.3.imprf.n ।\PU
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