Download C3 Vocabulary Packet

Chapter 3: MINERALS AND ROCKS
Learning Target
Vocabulary Word
Definition
Facts or Examples
Lesson 1
I can define a
mineral…
mineral
a naturally occurring
________ that can form by
_______________
processes and that has a
crystal structure and a
definite ______________
composition
a substance MUST have all
_____ of these
characteristics!
quartz forms naturally as
magma ____________
I can explain how
minerals are
identified…
inorganic
form from materials that
were _________
__________ of living things
crystal
the repeating
__________________ of a
mineral’s particles
coal comes from the
remains of ___________ that
lived millions of years ago
so it is _________ inorganic
has __________ sides
(faces) that meet at
____________ edges or
corners
the _______________ of a
mineral’s
________________
quartz
although the
______________ of a mineral
can ___________, its streak
does not!
streak
metallic
luster
describes how light is
____________________ from
a mineral’s surface
non-metallic (silky, waxy,
greasy or pearly)
Symbol/Picture
Mohs Hardness
Scale
cleavage
fracture
I can identify how
minerals form and
where mineral
resources are
located…
geode
crystallization
used to rank the
_______________________
of minerals
scale of _____
(softest – talc)
to ______
(hardest – diamond)
when a mineral
_____________ easily
along ____________
surfaces
example = mica, calcite,
halite
when a mineral does not
split apart evenly
when broken has
______________ break(s)
examples = quartz,
obsidian
a round, hollow rock that
is often lined with mineral
___________________
the process by which
atoms are arranged to
form a material that has
a ______________ structure
probably form when water
containing dissolved
___________ seeps into a
crack or hollow in a rock
solution
a mixture in which one
substance is
_______________________
in another
examples =
minerals form by
______________________
(was a solution) gypsum
“rose” and halite
minerals form from hot
______________ solutions
(silver)
a narrow ______________
or slab of a mineral that is
different from the
surrounding rock
examples = _____________
or gold
silicates
minerals that contain
_______________ and
________________
silicates make up the
___________ of the Earth’s
crust (90%)
rock-forming
minerals
about _______ minerals
make up most of the
rocks of Earth’s crust
quartz, feldspar, mica and
horneblend are some of
these minerals
generally a __________
colored rock that has
__________ silica content
rich in elements silicon and
oxygen (felsic rock)
vein
Lesson 2
I can list the
characteristics used
to identify rocks and
identify the three
major groups of
rocks…
granite
basalt
a _________ colored rock
that has a ___________
silica content
has mineral crystals that
are too small to be seen
with naked eye
(mafic rock)
grains
the ______________ of
minerals or other rocks
that make up a rock
texture
the __________ and
_____________ of a rock’s
surface
SIZE
______ grained (ex = slate)
______ grained (ex =
diorite)
no visible grain (ex = flint)
SHAPE
rounded or ___________
PATTERN
banded or nonbanded
igneous rock
forms from the
_______________ of
magma or lava
underground (intrusive)
or
above ground (extrusive)
form when _________
particles of rock or the
remains of plants and
animals are ___________
and cemented together
forms in __________ that
are buried below the
surface
forms when rock is
changed by _________ or
_______________, or by
chemical reactions
most form ___________
underground
sedimentary rock
metamorphic
Lesson 3
I can identify the
characteristics used
to identify igneous
rocks…
extrusive rock
intrusive rock
igneous rock that formed
from __________ that
erupted onto Earth’s
surface
igneous rock that formed
when magma hardened
________________ the
Earth’s surface
______________ is most
common extrusive rock
other examples = rhyolite,
obsidian and pumice
most abundant =
_______________
other examples =
__________________
Lesson 4
I can describe how
sedimentary rocks
form…
sediment
weathering
erosion
deposition
small, solid pieces of
material that come from
rocks or _______________
___________________
when rock is broken up
by wind, _____________,
heat or ___________
when broken rocks
(fragments) are carried
away by ___________,
water or ice
the process by which
sediment settles out of
the water or
_____________ carrying it
sedimentary rocks are
formed through a
sequence of processes:
weathering, erosion,
deposition, compaction
and cementation
plant roots can also cause
weathering
compaction
cementation
I can list and describe
the three major types
of sedimentary rock…
clastic rock
organic rock
chemical rock
Lesson 5
I can describe the
conditions under
which metamorphic
rocks form, how
geologists classify
metamorphic rocks
and how
metamorphic rocks
are used…
the process that
_____________ sediments
together
the process in which
______________ minerals
crystallize and glue
particles of sediment
together
a sedimentary rock
formed when fragments
are _______________
together
forms where the remains
of plants and animals are
deposited in
_____________
forms when minerals
dissolved in a water
solution
__________________
fragments can range in
size from clay particles to
large, heavy boulders
examples = sandstone,
shale, conglomerate and
breccia
examples = coal,
limestone
(contains many fossils)
examples = limestone
(when calcite that was
dissolved in the water
comes out of a solution
and forms crystals) and
halite (when salt water sea
or lake evaporates)
any rock that forms from
another rock as a result of
changes in heat or
pressure
(or both heat and
pressure) is
a metamorphic rock
foliated
nonfoliated
metamorphic rocks that
have their grains
arranged in either
___________________
layers or bands
metamorphic rocks that
have mineral grains
arranged
________________
describe the thin, flat
layering found in most
metamorphic rocks
examples =
crystals in granite can be
flattened to create gneiss
heat and pressure change
shale into slate
examples = marble (when
limestone is subjected to
heat and pressure) and
quartzite (when quartz
particles in sandstone
recrystallize)
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
I can name the three
major fossil fuels…
fuel
fossil fuels
hydrocarbons
petroleum
a substance that
provides _____________,
such as heat, light,
motion or electricity
the energy rich
substances formed from
the remains of organisms
that lived ______________
of years ago
chemical compounds
that contain ____________
and hydrogen atoms
a thick, black,
_____________ fossil fuel
this energy is a result of a
________________ change
examples = coal, oil and
_____________________
when fossil fuels are
burned, the atoms react,
combine with oxygen and
form new molecules
another name for
_________
refinery
petrochemicals
a factory where crude
___________ is heated
and separated into fuels
and other products
compounds that are
made from ____________
used to make plastics,
paints, medicines and
cosmetics
Learning Targets Chapter 3
Lesson 1
I can define a mineral…
A mineral is a natural solid that can form by ______________________________ processes and that has a
_______________________ structure and a definite ___________________________ composition.
I can explain how minerals are identified…
Each mineral has _____________________________________ properties…. such as ___________________________,
_________________________________, _________________________________, _________________________________________, and
_________________________________
I can identify how minerals form and where mineral resources are located…
Minerals form from the cooling of _______________________________ and lava, from ________________________________ or from
___________________________________ processes.
Lesson 2
I can list the characteristics used to identify rocks and identify the three major groups of rocks…
To study a rock sample, geologists observe the rock’s ______________________________________, _________________________
and _________________________________________.
Geologists have classified rocks into three major groups: _________________________________, ___________________________
and _________________________________________.
Lesson 3
I can identify the characteristics used to identify igneous rocks…
Igneous rocks are classified by their ______________________________, ________________________________ and mineral
____________________________________________
I can describe ways in which igneous rocks are used…
People throughout history have used igneous rocks for __________________________________ and
__________________________________________________________.
Lesson 4
I can describe how sedimentary rocks form…
Most sedimentary rocks form by ______________________________________, ____________________________________,
__________________________________, _________________________________ and __________________________________.
I can list and describe the three major types of sedimentary rock…
Three major types of sedimentary rocks are _____________________ rocks, _________________________ rocks and
__________________________ rocks.
I can explain how sedimentary rocks are used…
People use sedimentary rocks for ____________________________ and ____________________________________________.
Lesson 5
I can describe the conditions under which metamorphic rocks form, how geologists classify metamorphic rocks and how
metamorphic rocks are used…
Any rock that forms from another rock as a result in changes in ____________________________ or _________________________
(or both) is a metamorphic rock.
Geologists classify metamorphic rocks according to the arrangement of __________________________________ making up the
rocks.
The metamorphic rocks ___________________________ and ___________________________ are important materials for building
and sculpture.
Lesson 6
I can describe the rock cycle…
Forces deep inside Earth and at the surface produce a slow cycle that _____________________________,
_____________________________ and ___________________________________ the rocks in the crust.
Lesson 7
I can name the three major fossil fuels…
The three major fossil fuels are ____________________________, _______________________ and _______________________________.
I can explain why fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources…
Since fossil fuels take _____________________________________________________ of years to form, they are considered to be
______________________________________ resources.