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Classical Greece: 2000BCE-300BCE
5.1 Cultures of the Mountains and Sea
I.
Name:
Test 3:
Geography of Greece
a.
Geography shaped Greek
b.
Sea
i.
c.
Land
i.
75% mountains divided Greece into
ii.
iii.
d.
Climate
i.
II.
Mycenaean Civilization
a.
b.
c.
Mycenaeans 2000-1100 BC
i.
Settled in
ii.
Dominated Greece
Minoans
i.
Lived on the island of
ii.
Mycenaean +
Trojan War
i.
ii.
iii.
III.
Archaeological evidence supports the legend of
The Dorians: 1150-750 BCE
a.
Following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, the
i.
Much less
1.
b.
economy collapsed,
Homer
i.
ii.
iii.
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Map of Ancient Greece
Label on the map of Greece: use the maps on pages: 121, 124, 132, 137
Empires
Greece (green)
Persian Empire (purple)
Bodies of Water (blue)
Aegean Sea
Gulf of Corinth
Ionian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
City-States/settlements
(red)
Abdera
Acanthus
Aenus
Argos
Athens
Corinth
Crete
Cyclades
Delos
Delphi
Knossos
Methone
Mycenae
Olympia
Potidaea
Rhodes
Sparta
Thebes
Tiryns
Mt. Olympus (brown)
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5.2 Warring City-States
I.
Greek city-states: 750 BC
a.
Greek polis: political unit
i.
50-500 square
b.
Acropolis:
c.
Several forms of
ii.
Fewer than
ii.
Harsh punishments:
Council of Five Hundred
i.
II.
Athens and Democracy
a.
Draco—621BC
i.
b.
Everyone is equal under the
Solon—594BC
i.
ii.
4 social classes based on
1.
iii.
c.
III.
Cleisthenes—500BC
i.
Organized citizens into 10 districts by
iii.
ii.
All citizens could
iv.
Athenian Culture
a.
Citizenship
i.
b.
Only free adult male
ii.
Education
i.
IV.
Anyone
Sons of wealthy landowners
ii.
Girls were educated at
Sparta
a.
Region of Peloponnesus, isolated by
b.
Messenians revolt 
c.
Government
i.
Assembly
iii.
Officials
ii.
Council of Elders
iv.
Kings
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d.
Social Classes
i.
Ruling landowning families
1.
free nona.
i.
V.
VI.
Daily Life in Sparta
a.
Service to Sparta over
b.
Focused on
c.
Disregard for the
d.
Military training from
e.
Girls received some
The Persian Wars: Greece vs. Persian Empire
a.
Iron replaced
b.
546—Persians conquer Ionia, Athens sends help, Darius vows to
i.
c.
Marathon
i.
d.
Some city-states surrendered/some
25,000 Persians vs. 10,000
ii.
Persian
iii.
Persian
iii.
Places Persian warships
iii.
Athens emerged as the
Pheidippides ran 26 miles from Marathon to
i.
ii.
VII.
Thermopylae and Salamis—480BC
a.
Xerxes wanted
b.
7,000 Greeks blocked the narrow pass at
i.
c.
VIII.
Greek army arrived to defend
Held for 3 days
Themistocles: abandon Athens and fight at
i.
Assembled in a channel near Salamis
ii.
Xerxes burned
Persian War
a.
Final Persian defeat at
b.
Delian League—478BC
c.
i.
Alliance between
ii.
Eventually ended all
Consequences
i.
Moved
ii. Used military force to
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5.3 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
I.
The Golden Age of Athens 477-431BC
a.
Pericles
i.
b.
1. Strengthen democracy
i.
ii.
c.
2. Strengthen the empire
i.
ii.
d.
3. Glorify Athens
i.
II.
Peloponnesian War 431-404BC
a.
Sparta declared war on
b.
Athens
i.
ii. Vulnerable
iii.
c.
Sparta
i. Stronger
ii.
d.
Truce in
e.
Athenians attempted
i.
f.
Athens fended off
g.
Athens surrendered in 404BC losing their
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Sparta vs. Athens 500-400 BCE
SPARTA
ATHENS
Comparison of Social Classes
Citizens: males from Sparta only
Helots: captured Laconian peoples; servile status
No foreign residents tolerated
Citizens: all free males from Attica
Slaves: privately and publicly owned servants
Many foreign resident merchants
Comparison of the Lives of Citizens and their Families
Weak or deformed babes are legally killed by
exposure. Children are considered to the
property of the state.
Boys are enrolled into companies of 15
members and live together in barracks.
Education is exclusively physical and moral.
Girls compete in athletics and physical fitness,
but live at home.
All young men become military cadets, acting
as a police force and controlling the helot
population. Young women marry; they are not
trained in arms.
Males gain the rights of full citizenship,
including the right to marry and take public
office. Farming on state-owned plots is the
only available occupation for all but the
wealthy. Citizens are always on call for military
service. Women can own land (only those
from wealthy families do). Many run their own
households. Mothers of boys (future soldiers)
are respected.
Citizens retire from active military service.
Some men become tutors at academies. The
state provides for some veterans. A few
women become wealthy from their
commercial interests.
Birth
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20
30
60
Infanticide is illegal but occasionally unwanted
female babies are killed. Fathers have absolute
authority over their children.
Boys live with their families and visit tutors for
their education. Literacy and music are taught
as well as physical training and morality. Girls
stay at home with their mothers; most are
illiterate.
Some young men immigrate to Athenian
colonies. Others begin carets or continue into
advanced education. Young women marry.
Males gain the rights of full citizenship. They
are allowed to own land and hold offices in
government. Most men marry at this age and
pursue diverse careers, from farming to trade.
The city may call on them for military service.
Women have no political rights and cannot own
land or profit from commerce. They stay at
home, run their husband’s household, and care
for their children.
Citizens continue careers or retire to be cared
for by their sons. Many become more involved
in political debate. Women rely on their
husband’s family for support in old age.
Comparison of Political Structure
Oligarchy: rule by 2 kings and a council
Most land and assets are owned by the state
Head of Peloponnesian League
Powerful land army; agricultural economy
Participatory democracy: offices assigned by lot
Citizens free to own land and assets
Head of Delian League
Powerful fleet; wealthy trade economy
Use the information in the chart above to fill in the chart on the next page.
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SPARTA
ATHENS
Economy
Government
Education
Family Life
Freedoms
Arts &
Entertainment
Military
Social Life
Role of Women
Social
Structure
Citizenship
Miscellaneous
The Battle of Thermopylae—as you read the handout, answer the following questions. Questions continue on the next page.
1. What was Thermopylae?
2. When did the Battle of Thermopylae occur?
3. Who was the commander of the 300 Spartans?
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4. What did the Spartans wear?
5. Why did Spartans refuse to retreat or surrender?
6. What did Spartan mothers tell their sons?
7. Who were the Spartans preparing to fight?
8. Who were the Persian’s finest troops?
9. Who was the leader of the Persian army and also king of the Persian Empire?
10. Why did Xerxes send ambassadors to the Greek city-states before he invaded?
11. How did the Spartans respond to Xerxes’ ambassador?
12. Why did King Leonidas choose Thermopylae?
13. Why did Leonidas have animals killed and farms burned?
14. Why were the Spartans combing their hair and beards before battle?
15. Once the Spartans were surrounded, what did Leonidas allow of his allies?
16. Why did Leonidas tell his 300 to eat a good breakfast?
17. About how many Persians were killed in the battle?
18. Who won the Battle of Thermopylae? Who won the Persian Wars?
Philosophers of Ancient Greece Chart
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Early Life
Philosophy/Major
Contributions
Critics/Conflict
Death/Legacy
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The Trial and Death of Socrates—as you read the handout, answer the following questions.
1. How did Socrates’ students pay him?
2. Why did the new rulers feel that Socrates was a bad influence?
3. Why was Socrates brought to trial?
4. How did a trial in ancient Athens differ from a trial today?
5. How was a convict sentenced?
6. Why did Socrates tell the jury he was actually brought to trial?
7. Why did Socrates not fear death?
8. Why did Socrates refuse to escape?
9. Who was Socrates most famous pupil?
5.4 Alexander’s Empire
I.
Macedonia
a.
King Philip II—359BC
i.
b.
II.
ii.
VICTORY:
ii.
Alexander’s troops broke through the
Persian line heading directly for
Greece is
City-states retained self-government locally, but under
After Philip’s murder, his son Alexander
Alexander the Great
a.
Plans to invade and conquer
b.
Invasion
i.
c.
Alexander’s 35,000 soldiers met by
40,000
Issus
i.
III.
Had a well
End of Greek
i.
d.
ii.
Athens and Thebes joined forces too
i.
c.
Wanted
Conquering the Persian Empire
a.
Alexander rejects
b.
Egypt—332BC
i.
Crowned Alexander
ii.
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c.
Mesopotamia
i.
ii.
iii.
VICTORY:
iv.
d.
Alexander followed Darius to
e.
Indus Valley—326BC
i.
VICTORY:
1.
low
2.
11 years
3.
marched over
4.
5.
f.
Alexander died days later at
the age of
3 new leaders
i.
iii.
ii.
5.5 The Spread of Hellenistic Culture: Read the section and answer the questions below.
1.
How did Alexander’s conquests affect Greek culture?
2.
What 4 influences blended to form the new Hellenistic culture?
3.
What language was spoken in Hellenistic cities?
4.
Which city was the center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization?
5.
What attractions lured visitors to this city?
6.
What were Aristarchus’ 2 significant scientific conclusions?
7.
Archimedes accurately estimated the value of _________.
8.
What did Stoics believe?
9.
Epicureans believe the main goal of humans was:
10. Hellenistic sculpture was not idealized, instead it was:
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Lost Civilizations: Greece
1.
During the ____ century, Athens became even more powerful as many city-states and islands turned to her for __________________.
2.
Under whose leadership was the Parthenon built? The Parthenon was built to honor the goddess, _____________________.
3.
When did Pericles come to power? How did he pay for Athens’ beautification?
4.
Athens was completed in _________ years. Who was allowed to vote in Athens?
5.
Athenians had a passion for ____________________.
6.
Who was the god of the sea? (the statue was found by divers) Where did the gods live?
7.
____________________ was the ruler of the gods. Apollo is the god of ______________________.
8.
How did drama originate?
9.
To the Greeks a beautiful _______________ was just as important as a beautiful mind.
10. Originally athletes competed in the _______________ and ___________________ were excluded.
11.
Why was Socrates brought to trial? What was the outcome of his trial?
12. The plague killed ______________ of the Athenian population.
13. Who defeated the Athenians in 404BC? Who became the scapegoat for the decline of Athens?
14. How long did it take to build the original Parthenon?
15. How many people lived in Athens?
STUDY GUIDE
SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE.
a. Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.
b. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek culture by Aristotle’s pupil
Alexander the Great and the impact of Julius and Augustus Caesar.
c. Analyze the contributions of Hellenistic and Roman culture; include law, gender, and science.
d. Describe polytheism in the Greek and Roman world and the origins and diffusion of Christianity in the Roman world.
Geography
Sea
Land
Mycenaeans
Minoans
Trojan War
Dorians
Homer
Greek city-state/polis
Types of government in city-states
Athens
Democracy
Draco
Solon
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Cleisthenes
Athenian culture
Citizenship
Education
Sparta
Geography
Daily life/culture
Persian Wars
Significance of iron
Darius
Marathon
Xerxes
Thermopylae
Salamis
Themistocles
Delian League
Golden Age of Athens
Pericles—3 goals
Peloponnesian War
Plato
Socrates
Aristotle
Macedonia
King Philip II
Chaeronea
Alexander the Great
Darius III
Granicus River
Issus
Egypt
Mesopotamia
Indus Valley
Death of Alexander
End of the Persian Empire/Three new leaders
Hellenistic culture
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