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CHAPTER 5 The Periodic Law Section 1: History of the Periodic Table Periodic law: The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. Reworded Periodic law: When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals. Periodic table: Arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group Lanthanides: 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71 Actinides: 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103 Section 2: Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table Alkali metals: Group 1 of the Periodic Table Alkaline-earth metals: Group 2 Transition elements: d-block elements with typical metallic properties Main-Group elements: p-block elements and s-block elements Halogens: Group 17 Section 3: Electron Configuration and Periodic Properties Atomic radius: ½ the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together Ion: atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge Ionization energy: energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element Electron Affinity: energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom Cation: positive ion Anion: negative ion Valence electrons: electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds Electronegativity: measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons www.geocities.com/yoshi120.geo/science