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1
We are usually referring to species diversity when we talk
about biodiversity. However, genetic diversity is also
important to ecological systems because diverse genes
A.
Increase the efficiency and productivity of a system
because all niches are filled.
B.
Allow an individual organism to adapt to its changing
environment.
C.
Are necessary for a population to evolve in a
changing environment.
D.
Lead to diverse ecological processes in a biological
community.
E.
Are important for a balanced ecosystem.
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Ecological diversity is a measure of the number of
2
A.
Different kinds of organisms within a community
or ecosystem
B.
Different versions of the same gene in an
ecological community
C.
Sizes, colors, and shapes of organisms within an
ecological community
D.
Niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes
of a biological community
E.
Different species in an ecosystem
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3
Use the following scenario:
Your friend is upset because his conception of what a species has been
challenged. His professor told him that there are some problems
associated with the common way that a species is identified. Your friend
learned what a species was while in high school and it was reinforced
during his first year in college. He also refers to the third chapter in your
environmental science book for this definition. Your friend wonders if this
professor knows what she is talking about. You explain to him that there
really are some problems associated with the common way that a species
is defined and you think that this professor is correct.
The common way that a species is defined in biology (the way it is
defined in Chapter 3) is in terms of reproductive isolation. This means that
all organisms that are similar enough to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Produce fertile offspring in nature
Look alike
Fill the same niche
Occupy the same community
Live together
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4
Use the following scenario:
Your friend is upset because his conception of what a species has been
challenged. His professor told him that there are some problems associated with
the common way that a species is identified. Your friend learned what a species
was while in high school and it was reinforced during his first year in college. He
also refers to the third chapter in your environmental science book for this
definition. Your friend wonders if this professor knows what she is talking about.
You explain to him that there really are some problems associated with the
common way that a species is defined and you think that this professor is correct.
You also mentioned to your friend that a new tool, DNA sequencing technology, is
radically changing the way species are identified. In fact, some groups that were
originally thought to be far apart now seem to be closely related. Which of the
following statements does not reflect the implications of using this new tool?
A.
B.
genetics
C.
D.
E.
This tool will end the debate of what is or is not a species
This tool allows us to see how closely related species are in terms of their
This tool helps us better understand molecular evolution
This tool helps us better understand how species actually originate
This tool helps us judge genetic diversity
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5
Approximately how many species have been identified on Earth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
About 500,000
A little less than 1 million
A little more than 1.7 million
A little more than 3 million
About 30 million
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6
The total number of living species is probably
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
About 450,000
Between 500,000 and 1 million
Between 3 million and 50 million
Between 75 and 95 million
At least 300 million
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7
Which of the following drugs is NOT derived from a
naturally occurring organism?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Penicillin
Aspirin
Cortisone
Morphine
Tetracycline
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8
An important drug for treating Hodgkin's disease was discovered in a
periwinkle native to ______ and is valued at approximately _________ per
year.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Madagascar; $150–300 million
Sri Lanka; $150 million
New Guinea; $1–15 million
Costa Rica; $15 million
Greenland; $200 million
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9
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of biodiversity
for humans?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ecological services
Aesthetics
Drugs and medicines
Food
Reducing air pollution
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10
The pharmaceutical industry has an interest in preventing species extinction
because
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
People are healthier in a healthy environment.
Undiscovered species may provide lucrative new drugs.
Most taxonomists are drug makers.
It wants to increase diversity in North America.
They see the benefits of eco-design.
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11
Extinction is the term used when all members of a species
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Disappear in a locality
Die
Live in zoos
Are threatened with imminent habitat loss
Are in danger of disappearing in a locality
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12
The largest contributing factor for the current high rate of animal extinctions is
A.
Uncontrolled sport hunting in the developed world
B.
Commercial harvesting of wildlife in Africa
C.
Drought conditions caused by the greenhouse effect
D.
Habitat destruction worldwide
E.
None of these by themselves cause high rates of animal extinctions, but
together they combine to cause high rates
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13
"Exotic" is another word for
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Tropical
Foreign
Rare
Beautiful
Desirable
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14
Habitat fragmentation usually leads to a(n)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Decrease in biodiversity
Reduction in the number of introduced species
Increase in biodiversity due to the isolated populations
More stable environment
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15
What makes an exotic species become and invasive species?
A.
When individuals begins to colonize new areas and out-compete native
species.
B.
When they become annoying to people.
C.
When individuals stop being only ornamental but are used for other
purposes also.
D.
All exotic species are also invasive.
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16
Carp species were introduced to the United States
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
As a food source
To control aquatic vegetation and algae
To increase angling opportunities
From Africa
For increased food production
17
The high rate of poaching of rhinoceros is due mostly to
A.
The belief in medicinal value of their horns for 'traditional' medicines
B.
Overharvesting for their meat and hide
C.
Introduction of exotic species that compete for their food
D.
Habitat destruction
E.
All of these have contributed equally to the decrease in the rhinoceros
population
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18
Which of the following statements about trade in endangered species is FALSE?
A.
B.
C.
trade
D.
E.
The principal importers of endangered species are developed countries
Coral reefs are not affected by the endangered species trade
People who say they are animal lovers are the main contributors to the
The principal exporters of endangered species are developing countries
Up to 60 percent of birds die before reaching market
19
The main reason that there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as
endangered species is because
A.
We consider other groups, such as mammals, to be more interesting
and desirable
B.
Worldwide, there are relatively few invertebrates when compared to
plants
C.
It is extremely difficult to identify and count invertebrates
D.
Since there are 532 invertebrates considered endangered, none of
these is true
E.
Invertebrates are more numerous and the relative percentages are
similar
20
The objective of a species recovery plan is to
A.
Interbreed threatened species with common species
B.
Increase an endangered species population until it is no longer endangered
C.
Invest corporate capital in species maintenance
D.
Study the species for a better understanding of its role in the biological
community
E.
Protect the species to aid other organisms and resources in the ecosystem
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