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KNOWLEDGE Developing Statements THE QUESTION Whether it’s 2 or 6 marks! Demonstrating you’re not Simple They could use continuous training… because the increased time they are exercising for will increase their cardiovascular performance. Digging for a Second time I know a sprinter could use the Method of Training – Interval Training to develop speed… but I also know they could use Weight Training to develop power as well. Definitions need to have Supporting content Cardiac Output is the amount of blood ejected by the heart each minute… the more blood we can pump around our body in a minute, the more oxygen we can supply to working muscle and more carbon dioxide we can remove. Helping a performer work for longer, at a higher intensity with less fatigue. Displaying Sporting examples Weight training would be useful for a Javelin Thrower… because they could lift increasingly heavier weights. For example improving their bench press from 80kgs to 90kgs. Allowing them to release the javelin with greater force and therefore throwing a longer distance in competition. Different categories principles of training, goal setting, methods of training PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING REST AND RECOVERY The period of time allocated to recover and time required for repair of damage to the body caused by training. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE/NEEDS Matching training to the requirements of an individual. SPECIFICITY Matching training to the requirements of an activity. REVERSIBILITY Any adaptation that takes place as a consequence of training will be reversed when you stop training. GOAL SETTING S – SPECIFIC M – MEASURABLE A – ACHIEVEABLE R – REALISTIC T – TIME BOUND PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but without potential for injury. F – FREQUENCY I – INTENSITY T – TIME T – TYPE METHODS OF TRAINING INTERVAL TRAINING CONTINUOUS TRAINING FARTLEK TRAINING CIRCUIT TRAINING WEIGHT TRAINING CROSS TRAINING PUPIL RESPONSE – Zakariyyaa Meza ‘Specificity is training which is specific to the sport or activity (statement). If you are a midfielder in football, you are expected to run the most (example). So a person can base his training around that. Carrying out continuous training so he could improve his cardiovascular fitness (developed statement).’ PUPIL RESPONSE – Aadil Ahmed ‘Progressive overload is gradually increasing the amount of work you do (statement), if a person is doing weight training and starts at 10kg and gradually increases to 15kg (example), this will allow the muscles to adapt, so that he can move on (developed statement).’ Describe, explain and apply the principles of progressive overload; specificity; individual differences/needs; rest and recovery RE-TEST 13. Discuss, using examples, how the principles of training can improve the fitness of a group of GCSE PE students. Common Errors: 1. Not knowing the principles of training or getting mixed up 2. Basic statements provided but no developed statements 3. No specific examples given Understand the potential for muscle injuries through exercise and physical activity and know common techniques for treatment Hypertrophy Increased size of skeletal muscle Atrophy Decreased size of skeletal muscle CARDIAC MUSCLE ALSO GOES THROUGH HYPERTROPHY AND ATROPHY PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD REVERSIBILITY PEOPLE ROLE MODELS RESOURCES PEERS FAMILY IMAGE LOCATION ACCESS AVAILABILITY TIME HEALTH AND WELL-BEING HEALTH PROBLEMS FASHION ILLNESS MEDIA COVERAGE CULTURE SOCIO ECONOMIC RACE GENDER STATUS DISABILITY AGE COST National Governing Bodies and Sport Initiatives Task 1 Build up a bank of National Governing Bodies (an organisation that regulates a sport, defining the way that sport operates) as a table, swapping a sharing ideas. Task 2 Write a list of aims you believe our PE department has when we deliver PE. E.g. To reduce the chance of our pupils developing coronary heart disease in later life. Joint Classification – Hinge Joint A hinge joint is a common class of synovial joint that includes the ankle, elbow, and knee joints. Hinge joints are formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend. Joint Classification - Pivot A pivot joint is a type of synovial joint in which a circular bone rotates upon the axis of another bone. Joint Classification – Ball and Socket Ball-and-socket joints are a special class of synovial joints that enjoy the highest freedom of motion in the body thanks to their unique structure. The shoulder and hip joints are the only ball-and-socket joints in the human body Two main components make up a ball-and-socket joint: a bone with a spherical head and a bone with a cup-like socket. Joint Action Description Flexion Bending a limb at the joint. Extension Straightening a limb at a joint. Abduction Movement of a limb sideways away from the centre of the body. Adduction Movement of a limb sideways towards the centre of the body. Rotation Circular movement around the joint. TIMING OF DIETRY INTAKE Redistribution of Blood Flow REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD FLOW Vasoconstriction (decreased)or vasodilation (increased) of blood vessels to alter rate of blood flow to control blood flow to different parts of the body. SHUNTING The process which results in the redistribution of blood flow. VASOCONSTRICTION Contraction of the muscular wall to reduce blood flow through the vessel. VASODILATION Relaxation of the muscular wall to increase blood throw through the vessel. Identify one benefit of living a healthy active lifestyle and give an example of how that benefit is achieved. (2) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Identify one of the stages on the participation pyramid and explain the characteristics of that stage. (3) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Highlighting two skill related component of fitness. Explain how it supports being an outstanding performer in one of the following sports; Archery, Badminton or Sprinting. (4) 1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Compare the different methods of training a shot putter would need in comparison to a 800 meter runner. Making links to the health related and skill related components of fitness they are trying to develop. (5) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Discuss the importance of a balanced diet to a performing maintaining good health and performing at a high level. (6) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Identify one benefit of living a healthy active lifestyle and give an example of how that benefit is achieved. (2) SOCIAL PHYSICAL MENTAL meet friends/learn to cooperate/keeps out of trouble/way to meet opposite sex lose weight/muscle definition/improved fitness/improves health stress release/improves confidence/like competition or challenge/good at it/develops aesthetic appreciation Identify one of the stages on the participation pyramid and explain the characteristics of that stage. (3) FOUNDATION Introduced to sport/basic skills Greatest number of people at this stage PARTICIPATION Choose to take part/not compulsory/leisure time Playing competitively but at a low standard PERFORMANCE Skills developed through coaching Competing at the higher divisions of leagues EXCELLENCE Highest skill level/competing at national or international level Least number of people at this stage Highlighting two skill related component of fitness. Explain how it supports being an outstanding performer in one of the following sports; Archery, Badminton or Sprinting. (4) ARCHERY Coordination Balance BADMINTON Agility Power Speed Reaction Time Coordination Balance SPRINTING Speed Power Reaction Time Aiming at target/moving body parts into position Remain steady or stable/ensure base of support doesn’t upset aim Moving side to side/Moving from front to back Hitting a smash/serving a high serve Getting to the shuttle/Moving feet quickly Reacting to the serve/Returning a smash Serving in to the corners/Performing a drop shot over the net Keeping controlled based of support while on the move Maintaining speed after start/moving body parts quickly Pushing out of the blocks/driving over the first 10 meters Responding to the stimulus/gun Compare the different methods of training a shot putter would need in comparison to a 800 meter runner. Making links to the health related and skill related components of fitness they are trying to develop. (5) SHOT PUTT Interval Training – For speed/power Circuit Training – For muscular strength Weight Training – For muscular strength/power Health Related Muscular Strength – To apply force to the shot Body Composition – Build muscle mass Skill Related Speed – Move across the circle quicker Power – Release the shot with strength and speed Balance – Stay in control when moving across circle Increase strength/Increase distance/Increase mass 800M Interval Training – For speed Continuous Training – For muscular endurance/cardiovascular fitness/body composition Fartlek Training – For speed/muscular endurance/cardiovascular fitness Health Related Muscular Endurance – To maintain technique at the end Cardiovascular Fitness – To keep supplying oxygen/removing carbon dioxide and lactic acid Body Composition – To minimise weight/less mass requires less energy to move Skill Related Speed – To get in to advantageous positions during the race/to sprint in the final meters Limit fatigue/Perform for longer/Provide blood flow/Provide Oxygen Discuss the importance of a balanced diet to a performing maintaining good health and performing at a high level. (6) Macronutrients CARBOHYDRATES FATS PROTEIN Bread/potatoes/rice Dairy products/fatty meats/sweets Meat/fish/eggs Performance Energy for work/used during aerobic/anaerobic activity Performance Provide energy/aerobic activity Health Keep body warm Performance Muscular hypertrophy/repairing muscle tissue Health Growth and repair of cells Micronutrients VITAMINS AND MINERALS FIBRE WATER Fruit/vegetables Fruit/vegetables/nuts/ cereal Most foods/liquids Performance Used in chemical reactions in the body/muscular contractions Health Formation of tissues/hair/skin/teeth/bones Health Aids digestion/Reduces chances of bowel cancer Performance Prevents dehydration/regulates body temperature