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microbiota the oral •Normal Vinnitsa National Pirogovof Memorial Medical University / Department of cavity. Bacterial and viral microbiology diseases of the mouth. Dental infections. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology Normal microbiota of the oral cavity • The normal microbiota of the oral cavity contains organisms able to resist mechanical removal by adhering to surfaces like the gums and teeth. • The oral cavity is colonize by microorganisms from the surrounding environment within hours after a human is born. • Initially the microbiota consists mostly of the genera (aerobes and anaerobes) • Streptococcus • Neisseria • Actinomyces • Veillonella • Lactobacillus • Candida • As the first teeth erupt, the anaerobes become dominant due to the anaerobic nature of the gingival groove. • As teeth grow, S.parasanguis and S.mutans attach to their enamel surfaces. • S.salivarius attaches to the buccal and gingival epithelial surfaces and colonizes the saliva. • The presence of these bacteria contributes to the eventual formation of • Dental plaque • Caries • Gingivitis • Periodontal disease Dental plaque • The first step in the formation of dental plaque Dental plaque • Two species that might not attach to each other may attach to a third. • After the microbial plaque ecosystem develops. • Bacteria produce acids from sugars. • They are not diluted or neutralized, and they demineralize the enamel to produce a lesion on the tooth. • It is this chemical lesion that initiates dental decay. The formation of dental plaque Characteristics of some of the bacteria found in dental plaque • • • • Actinimyces Lactobacillus Neisseria Rothia Characteristics of some of the bacteria found in dental plaque • Streptococcus • Veillonella Periodontal disease • Periodontal disease – refers to a diverse group of diseases that affect the periodontium. Periodontal disease • Disease is initiate by the formation of subgingival plaque Periodontal disease • The result is an inflammatory reaction known as periodontitis • formation pockets. of periodontal Periodontal disease • formation of a periodontal abscess, general tissue necrosis. Viral diseases of the mouth and salivary glands • Some viral diseases commonly involve the mouth, but produce more dramatic symptoms elsewhere in the body. For example, • Measles • Chicken pox Viral diseases of the mouth and salivary glands • Infectious mononucleosis • Coxackieviruses Herpes infection