Download Reading the Periodic Table

On the Outside—Write this!
• Matter is made up of extremely small
particles called ATOMS
• Atoms are the smallest part of an element
that has the chemical properties of the
element.
• Elements are composed of only one type
of atom.
• A single atom has mass and takes up space
Reading the Periodic Table
What is the Periodic Table?
• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a
chemist
• A way of organizing & classifying elements
• Arranged in columns and rows
• Modern table created by
Mendeleev
Dmitri
Columns
• The vertical columns of elements
are called groups or families
– Usually numbered 1-18
– Elements in the same family
have similar properties
Rows
• The horizontal rows of elements are called
periods
– Elements in a period are not alike in properties.
– The first element in a period is usually an active
solid
– The last element in a period is always an
inactive gas.
Organization of the Elements
• Elements are listed from left to right by atomic
number
• Atomic size increases from left to right across a
period.
• Atomic mass increases from left to right across a
period.
How do we read the PT?
• Each element has its own square on the
periodic table.
• Atomic number
• Element symbol
• Element name
– (common name)
• Atomic mass
Use the periodic table to find the
following
•
•
•
•
•
Atomic number of oxygen
Element symbol for krypton
Element name for symbol W
Atomic mass of calcium
Common name and atomic mass for Md
Classification of Elements
• A zigzag line divides the periodic table into two sections
• Metals are on the left
• Non-metals are on the right
Metals
• Generally located on the left side of the
zigzag line (blue boxes)
• Have specific properties
– Luster
– Conduct electricity
– Malleable
– Ductile
– React with acids
• Examples: Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca),
Iron (Fe), Aluminum (Al)
Nonmetals
• Generally located on the right of the
zigzag line (green boxes)
• Have specific properties
– Dull
– Do not conduct electricity
– Brittle
• Examples: Chlorine (Cl), Oxygen (O),
Sulfur (S), Iodine (I)
Metalloids
• Touch the zigzag line (purple boxes)
• Have properties of both metals and
nonmetals
• Examples: Boron (B), Silicon (Si),
Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As)…
Use your periodic table to identify each of the
following elements as metals, nonmetals, or
metalloids
•
•
•
•
•
Uranium (U)
Mercury (Hg
Radon (Rn)
Tin (Sn)
Zirconium (Zr)
ALKALI METALS
•very reactive metals that do not occur freely in
nature
•malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and
electricity.
•softer than most other metals
•can explode if they are exposed to water
ALKLINE EARTH
METALS
•metals
•very reactive
•not found free in nature
TRANSITION
METALS
•ductile and malleable, and
conduct electricity and heat
•iron, cobalt, and nickel, are
the only elements known to
produce a magnetic field.
RARE EARTH
ELEMENTS
•many are man-made
OTHER
METALS
•are ductile and malleable
•are solid, have a relatively
high density, and are opaque
METALLOIDS
•Have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
•Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and
germanium, are semi-conductors. This
means that they can carry an electrical
charge under special conditions. This
property makes metalloids useful in
computers and calculators
NON-METALS
•not able to conduct electricity or heat very well
•very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into
sheets
•exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature:
gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon).
•have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.
HALOGENS
•"halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds
containing halogens are called "salts"
•exist in all three states of matter:
•Solid- Iodine, Astatine
•Liquid- Bromine
•Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine
NOBLE GASES
•do not form compounds easily