Download Cracking the code!

Cracking the code!
Activity 1 Crack the code!
Below we have the names of 10 types of animals. Crack the code by searching a full copy of the periodic
table for the appropriate chemical symbols.
1. Carbon (
) astatine (
) = ............................................................................
) argon (
) = ............................................................................
2. Beryllium (
3. Carbon (
) radium (
4. Selenium (
) aluminium (
5. Molybdenum (
6. Lithium (
) xenon (
) erbium (
) carbon (
10. Phosphorus (
) = .................................................................
) nitrogen (
) oxygen (
8. Hydrogen (
) = ...................................................
) = ....................................................................
) thorium (
) oxygen (
7. Fluorine (
9. Copper (
) boron (
) = ...............................................
) sulfur (
) = ....................................................................................
) oxygen (
) nitrogen (
) = ..........................................................................
) potassium (
) oxygen (
) oxygen (
) oxygen (
) nitrogen (
) iodine (
) = ..............................................
) einsteinium (
) = ..................................
Make up some of your own animal puzzles using chemical symbols.
Activity 2 Fill in the gaps
Use the words in the box to fill in the gaps about atomic structure. Some words appear more than once.
atom
protons
neutral
electrons
masses
nucleus
positive
orbit
neutrons
same
relative
shells
neutrons
negative
cancel
In the middle of an atom is a very small ................................................................, which contains two types of
particle, ......................................... and .................................................... . Their relative ...................................................
are both 1. ................................... Are the third type of particle. They have almost no .............................................
mass. Electrons have a ............................................................................ charge, ..................................................................
have no charge and protons a ................................................................ charge. The protons in the nucleus cause it
to have a positive overall charge. The negative electrons ..................................................................... the nucleus
in energy levels known as ...................................................................... . An .......................................................................
has the same number of protons as electrons. This means that there is the .............................................................
number of positive and negative charges. They .............................................................. each other out, which
means the atoms are without charge, i.e. they are ........................................................... .
© www.teachitscience.co.uk 2012
19408
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Cracking the code!
Activity 3 Match the definitions
Match the definition to the word by linking them with a line.
A.
atom
At least two substances are mixed together, but
they do not react to make a new substance.
molecule
A chart containing all known elements, arranged
according to their atomic mass.
compound
Two or more atoms which are chemically joined
together e.g. O2 or H2SO4.
mixture
A substance that contains only one type of atom
and cannot be broken down into another
substance.
element
The smallest part of an element.
periodic table
A new substance made when two or more
elements are chemically joined together.
B.
atomic mass
atomic number
ionic bond
covalent bond
Where electrons are grouped in energy levels
around the nucleus.
A vertical column of the periodic table.
When two substances are bonded by sharing
electrons.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an
element. (Also equals the number of electrons.)
shells
The number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom.
group
When two substances are bonded as a result of the
ions having opposite charges attracted to one
another.
© www.teachitscience.co.uk 2012
19408
Page 2 of 3
Cracking the code! – Answers
Activity 1 Crack the code!
1. Carbon ( C ) astatine ( At )
= cat
2. Beryllium ( Be ) argon ( Ar )
= bear
3. Carbon ( C ) radium ( Ra ) boron ( B ) = crab
4. Selenium ( Se ) aluminium
( Al ) = seal
5. Molybdenum ( Mo ) thorium ( Th )
= moth
6. Lithium ( Li ) oxygen ( O ) nitrogen ( N )
= lion
7. Fluorine ( F ) oxygen ( O ) xenon ( Xe ) sulfur ( S )
= foxes
8. Hydrogen ( H ) erbium ( Er ) oxygen ( O ) nitrogen ( N )
= heron
9. Copper ( Cu ) carbon ( C ) potassium ( K ) oxygen ( O ) oxygen ( O )
10. Phosphorus ( P ) oxygen ( O ) nitrogen ( N ) iodine ( I ) einsteinium (Es )
= cuckoo
= ponies
Activity 2 Fill in the gaps
In the middle of an atom is a very small nucleus, which contains two types of particle, protons and
neutrons. Their relative masses are both 1. Electrons are the third type of particle. They have
almost no relative mass. Electrons have a negative charge, neutrons have no charge and protons a
positive charge.
The protons in the nucleus cause it to have a positive overall charge. The negative electrons orbit the
nucleus in energy levels known as shells. An atom has the same number of protons as electrons.
This means that there is the same number of positive and negative charges. They cancel each other
out, which means the atoms are without charge, i.e. they are neutral.
Activity 3 Match the definitions
atom The smallest part of an element.
molecule Two or more atoms which are chemically joined together e.g. O2 or H2SO4.
compound A new substance made when two or more elements are chemically joined
together.
mixture At least two substances are mixed together, but they do not react to make a
new substance.
element A substance that contains only one type of atom and cannot be broken down
into another substance.
periodic table A chart containing all known elements, arranged according to their atomic
mass.
atomic mass The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an element. (Also equals the number
of electrons.)
ionic bond When two substances are bonded as a result of the ions having opposite
charges attracted to one another.
covalent bond When two substances are bonded by sharing electrons.
shells Where electrons are grouped in energy levels around the nucleus.
group A vertical column of the periodic table.
© www.teachitscience.co.uk 2012
19408
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