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Lab 1
Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands - Exercise 27
Activity 1: Identifying the Endocrine Organs
Activity 2: Examining the Microscopic Structure of Endocrine Glands
Thyroid gland - colloid-filled follicles, follicle cells, parafollicular cells.
Parathyroid gland - chief cells.
Adrenal gland - cortex and medulla..
Pancreas - islets of Langerhans and acinar cells.
Hormonal Action - Movie
Name____________________________
Lab Section ________________
Hormonal Action: Wet Lab Movie
Movie - Experiments in Hormonal Action
Answer the following questions after watching the movie in lab or on Massasoit onDemand
at the MCC web site.
1. Pituitary Extract and Frog Ovulation.
a. What are the two main hormones of interest in the frog pituitary extract?
________________ and _______________
b. What is the role of pituitary extract in the frog?
c. What is the control frog in the experiment?
d. Do the data support the hypothesis that pituitary extract is necessary for ovulation? _____
e. Explain your answer.
2. Effects of Hyperinsulinism.
a. Describe the fish swimming behavior when it is first put in the water containing insulin.
b. Describe the fish swimming behavior after swimming in the insulin and water for a few
minutes.
c. Where does insulin enter into the fish?
d. What does insulin do in the fish to cause the observed effect.
e. Why does the fish recover when it is put in a bowl containing glucose and water?
f. Based on this observation, what do you think might happen to a person if the blood
glucose level fell precipitously (hypoglycemia) and why ?
3. Epinephrine and the Heart.
a. What effect did epinephrine have on the force of heart contraction?
b. What effect did epinephrine have on the rate of heart contraction?
c. What gland releases epinephrine as a hormone? Be as specific as you can.
d. What advantage might there be to having the heart rate and force of contraction increase
during the fight or flight response?
4. Acetylcholine and the Heart (ACh is not a hormone in vivo, but this demonstrates the effect of
an ANS neurotransmitter on the heart.
a. What effect did ACh have on the force of contraction?
b. What effect did ACh have on the rate of heart contraction?
c. What branch of the ANS releases ACh as a postganglionic fiber neurotransmitter?
d. Is the effect agonistic or antagonistic to epinephrine/
Review Sheet
Exercise 27 - Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands
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1. Match the labels on the figure with the terms below
____ Adrenal gland
____ Pineal gland
____ Hypothalamus
____ Pituitary gland
____ Ovary
____ Testis
____ Pancreas
____ Thymus
____ Parathyroid gland
____ Thyroid gland
2. What gland or glands release(s) each of the following hormones?
______________________ Parathyroid hormone
______________________ Estrogens and progesterone
______________________ Testosterone
______________________ Many releasing hormones (TRH, CRH, GHRH etc.)
______________________ FSH, LH, GH, ACTH, Prolactin, TSH,
______________________ T-cell stimulating hormones
______________________ Melatonin
______________________ Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, epinephrine
and norepinephrine
______________________ Insulin and glucagons
______________________ Thyroid hormone
3. Define hormone
4. Define target cell
5. Hormones are carried in the blood. Why don't all tissues respond to all hormones?
Note: Information from questions 6 – 11 may appear on the first lecture exam.
6. Classify each of the following hormones as steroid or amino acid-based. Indicate
whether the hormone uses the second messenger or direct gene activation mechanism of
action.
Hormone
Molecule Type
Amino acid
based
Steroid
Mechanism of Action
Direct gene
Second
activation
messenger
Thyroid
hormone
Growth
hormone
Insulin
Glucagon
Aldosterone
Cortisone
Calcitonin
Parathyroid
hormone
Hormones - Matching (8-9)
A Aldosterone
B Calcitonin
C Cortisol
D Glucagon
E Growth Hormone
F Insulin
G Parathyroid
Hormone
H Thyroid Hormone
7. Target Cells or Tissues - Match the hormones and the correct target cells.
____ Liver, muscle, bone, cartilage
____ Virtually all cells except adult brain, spleen, testes, uterus and thyroid gland
____ Osteoclasts (stimulates), kidneys, intestine via activated Vitamin D
____ Osteoclasts (inhibits)
____ Kidney tubules
____ Body cells
____ Liver
____ Muscle and fat cells, but NOT liver, kidney and brain
8. Stimulus for Release - Match the stimulus for release listed below with the correct
hormone.
A Aldosterone
B Calcitonin
C Cortisol
D Glucagon
E Growth Hormone
F Insulin
G Parathyroid
Hormone
H Thyroid Hormone
____ Rising levels of blood glucose, amino acids and fatty acids
____ Falling levels of blood glucose
____ Low sodium, high potassium, renin-angiotensin mechanism
____ ACTH release
____ Increased levels of blood calcium
____ Low blood calcium levels
____ Increasing levels of TSH
____ GHRH release, hypoglycemia, exercise etc.
10. Describe the role of negative feedback in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis.
6 points