Download Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013 Latin IB Final Exam Review Packet Test

Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Latin IB
Final Exam Review Packet
Test Date: 6/3/13
Points: 100
In order to gage whether or not you are
adequately prepared for Latin II, you will
be taking a cumulative final exam on
Monday, June 3rd. The exam will cover all
the grammatical concepts we have
covered this school year. This exam is
not intended to fail or stress anyone out;
it lets us know whether you are ready to
move on to the next level of Latin.
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Exam Format
Noun Declensions (36 pts): You will need to fully decline and translate
two 3rd declension nouns. The nouns could be any gender, so be sure to
study up!
Verb Conjugations (24 pts): You will need to conjugate and translate 2
irregular verbs
Grammar (10 pts): You will be given 10 English sentences with 1 word
underlined which you willi need to translate into Latin. Ex: They call the
boy: __vocant__
Adverb Formation (10 pts): You will be given 10 adjectives (both 1st/2nd
and 3rd declension adjectives) from which you will need to create their
adverb counterpart.
Imperatives (10 pts): You will need to form the singular and plural
imperatives of five verbs. One will be an irregular imperative.
Prepared Translations (20 pts.): You will be given a translation from the
textbook that you will need to translate into English. You will be given any
vocabulary words that have not been covered in the textbook.
At-sight translation (20 pts): You will be given a Latin passage that you
will need to translate into English. The passage will be one that you have
not seen before and will include all grammatical concepts and vocabulary
that we covered this year.
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Cases
Explanation:
In Latin, each noun in a sentence has a specific
“job”, just like it’s a teacher’s job within a school to teach. Each job is
called a case. There are 6 cases in Latin. They are:
Nominative:
Nouns that are in the nominative case are the
SUBJECTS of the sentence (Ex: The dog runs. Dog = subject -->
Nominative case)
Genitive:
Nouns that indicate POSSESSION or OWNERSHIP.
They are translated as “of ___” (Ex: The beauty of the girl is known
to all. Girl = noun of possession --> Genitive case)
Dative:
The INDIRECT OBJECTS of a sentence. They answer the
question “to whom/for whom” and are translated as “to/for” (Ex: The
child gives a flower to the mother. Mother = indirect object --> Dative
case)
Accusative:
The DIRECT OBJECTS of a sentence. Direct objects
“receive the action”. (Ex: The child gives a flower to the mother.
Flower = direct object --> Accusative case)
Ablative:
Typically, the OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION. If there
is no preposition present, can be translated as “by/with/from”. (Ex:
The children sit in school. School = object of the preposition (in) -->
Ablative case)
Vocative:
Nouns of DIRECT ADDRESS. Nouns in this case are the
people/group that are being directly spoken to. (Ex: Child, why are
you sad? Child = noun of direct address --> Vocative case)
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Noun Declensions
Explanation:
In Latin, certain endings are added to nouns to
indicate what case they are in. Each list of singular and plural case
endings is called a “declension”. We have learned 3 declensions this
year.
1st Declension:
1st declension nouns are typically feminine in
gender. You can tell if a noun is first declension by looking at its
nominative and genitive singular endings. A 1st declension nominative
singular ending will end in “a” and its genitive ending will end in “ae”.
For example: puella, puellae, f. is a 1st declension noun. 1st declension
endings are:
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Singular
Plural
-a
-ae
-ae
-am
-a
-a
-ae
-arum
-is
-as
-is
-ae
When you decline a noun, you do two things: First, find the base and
then add the endings. To find the base, just look at the genitive form
and drop -ae. For example, if you were declining puella, puellae, you
would look at puellae and drop -ae, making your base puell-. From
there, you add the endings!
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Ex: puella, puellae, f. (girl)
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
puella
puellae
puellae
puellam
puella
puella
Plural
puellae
puellarum
puellis
puellas
puellis
puellae
To translate each form, follow this model:
Nom.: “the girl”
Gen.: “of the girl”
Dat.: “to/for the girl”
Acc.: “the girl (after the verb)”
Abl.: “by/with/from the girl”
Voc: “girl”
Try one on your own:
Ex: cena, cenae, f. (dinner)
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Plural
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
2nd Declension:
2nd declension nouns can be either masculine or
neuter in gender. You can tell if a noun is second declension masculine
by looking at its nominative and genitive forms. If its nominative form
ends in -us and its genitive form ends in -i, then it is a 2nd declension
masculine noun. You can tell if a noun is second declension neuter by
also looking at its nominative and genitive forms. If its nominative
form ends in -um and its genitive form ends in -i, then it is a 2nd
declension neuter noun. It is important to recognize its gender
because there are two sets of endings. The endings for 2nd declension
masculine nouns are:
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Singular
Plural
-us
-i
-o
-um
-o
-e
-i
-orum
-is
-os
-is
-i
You decline a 2nd declension noun the same as the first, by looking at
the genitive form, dropping -i, then adding the endings.
Ex: colonus, coloni, m.
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
colonus
coloni
colono
colonum
colono
colone
Plural
coloni
colonorum
colonis
colonos
colonis
coloni
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Try one on your own:
Ex: hortus, horti, m. (garden)
Singular
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
The endings for 2nd declension neuter nouns are:
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Singular
Plural
-um
-i
-o
-um
-o
-um
-a
-orum
-is
-a
-is
-a
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Ex: bellum, belli, n. (war)
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
bellum
belli
bello
bellum
bello
bellum
Plural
bella
bellorum
bellis
bella
bellis
bella
Try one on your own:
Ex: caelum, caeli, n. (sky, heaven)
Singular
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
3rd Declension (Masculine/feminine):
3rd declension nouns
can be any gender, but 3rd declension masculine and feminine nouns
have the same endings. 3rd declension nouns are different from 1st
and 2nd declension ones because they do not have a set nominative
case. The nominative form is your “freebie”. To decline a 3rd
declension noun, you must look at the genitive form to find the base
for the rest of your cases. The genitive singular form will also tell you
if your noun is 3rd declension or not. The genitive singular form of 3rd
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
declension nouns will always end in -is. The endings for 3rd declension
masculine/feminine nouns are:
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Singular
Plural
----is
-i
-em
-e
----
-es
-um
-ibus
-es
-ibus
-es
Ex: mons, montis, m. (mountain)
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Singular
Plural
mons
montis
monti
montem
monte
mons
montes
montum
montibus
montes
montibus
montes
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Try one on your own:
Ex: hiems, hiemis, f. (winter)
Singular
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
3rd declension (Neuter):
3rd declension neuter nouns are very
similar to masculine and feminine nouns, but with a few differences in
the nominative, accusative, and vocative forms. You still can tell if the
noun is 3rd declension by seeing if its genitive singular form ends in is. To know whether a 3rd declension noun is a neuter noun, you must
memorize its gender. The endings for 3rd declension neuter nouns
are:
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Singular
Plural
----is
-i
----e
----
-a
-um
-ibus
-a
-ibus
-a
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Ex: carmen, carminis, n. (song)
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Singular
Plural
carmen
carminis
carmini
carmen
carmine
carmen
carmina
carminum
carminibus
carmina
carminibus
carmina
Try one on your own:
Ex: foedus, foderis, n. (treaty)
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
Plural
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Adjectives
Explanation:
Adjectives do not have a set gender.
Adjectives match the nouns they describe in gender, number, and
case.
Ex: laetus, -a, -um
Ex: If I wanted to say “the happy girl”, you would say: laeta
puella
Sometimes the adjectives and nouns will not look exactly the same
(“fraternal twins”), but the important thing is that the noun and
adjective match in gender, number, and case.
Ex: She is proud of the good treaty.: foederis boni (Genitive
singular neuter)
Personal Possessive Adjectives
Personal possessive adjectives must also match the nouns they modify
in gender, number, and case. The personal possessive adjectives that
we have discussed are:
Ex: meus, -a, -um: my
tuus, -a, -um: your
noster, nostra, nostrum: our
vester, vestra, vestrum: your
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Adverbs
Explanation:
Many adverbs can be formed from adjectives.
We do the same thing in English. For instance, the word “happy”
describes a noun and the word “happily” describes an action. To form
an adverb from a 1st or 2nd declension adjective, do two things: find
the base and add -e.
Ex: laetus, -a, -um: laete (happily)
Try one on your own:
Ex: iratus, -a, -um:
To form an adverb from a 3rd declension noun, find the base and add
-iter. The exception is when the base of the adjective ends in nt, in which you just add -er.
Ex: tristis, triste (sad) --> tristiter (sadly)
Try one on your own:
Ex: felix, felicis:
Verb Conjugations
Explanation:
In Latin, certain endings are added to the base
of verbs to tell who is performing the action. Pronouns like “I” or “he”
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
are not frequently used. There are endings for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
person singular and plural. The ending indicates who is performing the
action. When translating verbs, make sure to check the ending! When
you are given a verb, you get two principle parts: the first person
singular form and the infinitive. There are 4 “groups” of verbs, called
conjugations.
1st Conjugation:
1st conjugation verbs are those whose infinitives
end in -are. The endings for first conjugation verbs are:
-o
-s
-t
-mus
-tis
-nt
The translations for these endings are:
-o
-s
-t
-mus
-tis
-nt
“I”
“you”
“he/she/it” OR a singular noun
“we”
“y’all”
“they” OR a plural noun
To conjugate a verb, you do two things: first, find the base and then
add the endings. To find the base of a 1st conjugation verb, you look
at the infinitive and drop -re. Then, you add the endings. Then you
are able to translate each verb. The only exception is the 1st person
singular, which is your “freebie”.
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Ex: libero, liberare (to free)
Conjugation
Translation
libero
liberas
liberat
liberamus
liberatis
liberant
“I free”
“you free”
“he/she/it frees”
“we free”
“you all free”
“they free”
Try one on your own:
Ex: tempto, temptare (to try)
Conjugation
2nd Conjugation:
Translation
The infinitives of 2nd conjugation verbs end in ere. The endings and translations for 2nd conjugation verbs are the
same as 1st conjugation verbs.
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Ex: teneo, tenere (to hold)
Conjugation
Translation
teneo
tenes
tenet
tenemus
tenetis
tenent
“I hold”
“you hold”
“he/she/it hold”
“we hold”
“you all hold”
“they hold”
Try one on your own:
Ex: exerceo, exereo (to exercise, train)
Conjugation
Translation
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
3rd Conjugation:
The infinitives of 3rd conjugation verbs in in ere. Conjugating a 3rd conjugation verb is a little different than what
you do for 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs. Instead of dropping -re, you
now drop -ere. The endings are also slightly different. They are:
-o
-imus
-is
-itis
-it
-unt
Ex: cano, canere (to sing)
Conjugation
Translation
cano
canis
canit
canimus
canitis
canunt
“I sing”
“you sing”
“he/she/it sings”
“we sing”
“you all sing”
“they sing”
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Try one on your own:
Ex: contendo, contendere (to walk, march, hasten)
Conjugation
Translation
4th Conjugation:
4th conjugation verbs end in -ire. To conjugate
a 4th conjugation verb just drop -re and add the same endings as 1st
and 2nd conjugation verbs..
Ex: circumvenio, circumvenire (to surround)
Conjugation
Translation
circumvenio
circumvenis
circumvenit
circumvenimus
circumvenitis
circumveniunt
“I surround”
“you surround”
“he/she/it surrounds
“we surround”
“you all surround”
“they surround”
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Try one on your own:
Ex: custodio, custodire (to guard)
Conjugation
Translation
Irregular Verbs
Explanation:
Just like in the English language, there are a
few irregular verbs that you simply must need to memorize. We
focused on three this year.
sum, esse (to be)
Conjugation
Translation
Singular
Singular
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt
I am
you are
he/she/it is
we are
you all are
they are
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
possum, posse (can/to be able)
Conjugation
Translation
Singular
Singular
possum
potes
potest
possumus
potestis
possunt
I am able
you are able
he/she/it is able
we are able
you all are able
they are able
eo, ire (to go)
Conjugation
eo
is
it
imus
itis
eunt
Translation
I go
you go
he/she/it goes
we go
you all go
they go
volo, velle (I wish, am willing)
Conjugation
Volo
Vis
Vult
Volumus
Vultis
Volunt
Translation
I wish
you wish
he/she/it wish
we wish
y’all wish
they wish
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Nolo, nolle (I do not wish, I refuse)
Conjugation
Nolo
Non vis
Non vult
Nolumus
Non vultis
Nolunt
Translation
I refuse
you refuse
he/she/it refuses
we refuse
y’all refuse
they refuse
Infinitives
Explanation:
Infinitives are verbs that end in -re. They are
translated into English as “to _____”. Infinitives are typically used
with verbs such as: want, desire, ought/must, order, or decide.
Ex: iuvare: to help
tenere: to hold
currere: to run
audire: to listen
Try a few on your own:
imperare __________
iacere __________ habere __________
to answer _________
to sail __________ to work __________
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Imperatives
Explanation:
Imperatives are the forms of verbs that are
orders or commands. For example, if I said, “Listen to me”, I am
commanding people to listen so the word “listen” would be the
imperative. There are 2 imperative forms: singular and plural. The
singular imperative is used when commanding only 1 person to do
something. To find the singular imperative of a verb you drop -re
from the infinitive. For example, to command one person to prepare
(parare), you would say “para”.
Ex: navigare: to sail
Imperative singular: naviga (sail)
Try one on your own:
Ex: laborare: to work
Imperative singular:
To form the plural imperative, you do two things: drop -re from the
infinitive and then add -te.
Ex: docere (to teach)
Imperative plural: docete (teach)
Try one on your own:
Ex: festinare (to hurry)
Imperative plural:
The exception to the rule is 3rd conjugation. For the 3rd conjugation
plural imperative, drop -ere from the infinitive and add -ite.
Ex: currere (to run)
Imperative plural: currite (run)
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Try one on your own:
Ex: dimittere (to send away) Imperative plural:
The irregular verb “sum, esse” (to be) also has irregular imperatives.
Both the singular and plural imperative is translated as “Be”. The word
that usually follows is an adjective. The singular imperative is:
Es/esto (If the word that follows begins with a vowel, use “es”; if
the word that follows begins with a consonant, use “esto”)
Ex: Esto laetus, colonus!
Be happy, farmer!
Try a few on your own:
Ex: Es irata, puella!
______________
Ex: Be safe, children!
______________
Use the plural imperative if you are commanding more than one person
to do something:
Este
Ex: Este laeti, coloni! (Be happy, farmers!)
Try one on your own:
Ex: Este magni, viri!
______________
Ex: Be brave, comrades!
______________
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Other irregular Imperatives:
Ducere
Dicere
Ferre
Facere
Duc
Dic
Fer
Fac
Ducite
Dicite
Ferte
Facite
=Lead
=Say
=Carry/Bear
=Make
Compound Verbs
Explanation:
Compound verbs are verbs that have a
preposition attached as a prefix. It only slightly changes the meaning
of the verb it’s attached to.
Some prefixes that we have seen are:
con-: together
re-: back or again
Ex: abeo
I go away from
Try one on your own:
Ex: convocas
____________
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
Personal Pronouns
Explanation:
Pronouns are words that take the place of
nouns. Just like regular nouns in Latin, pronouns have different forms
for each case. The ones we discussed are:
Nominative: ego: I
tu: you
illa: she
ille: he
id: it
nos: we
vos: y’all
ei: they (m.) eae: they (f.)
Accusative: me: me
te: you
eum: him
eam: her
id: it
nos: us
vos: y’all
eos/eas/ea: them
Ablative: me: b/w/f me
te: b/w/f you
eo: b/w/f him/it
ea: b/w/f her
nobis: b/w/f us
vobis: b/w/f y’all eis: b/w/f them
Reflexive Pronouns:
Reflexive pronouns “reflect” the
subject of a sentence, meaning that they refer back to the subject.
For example, “I call myself a friend.” Contains the reflexive pronoun
“myself” which refers back to the subject “I”. The reflexive pronouns
in Latin are:
Ms. Farrell 2008-2009
Myself: me
Yourself: te
Himself: ipse (or se)
Herself: ipsa (or se)
Itself: ipsum (or se)
Ourselves: nos
Yourselves: Vos
Themselves: Se
Demonstrative Pronouns
Explanation: Demonstrative Pronouns specify (or
demonstrate!) which noun is being referred. For example, “THIS
student” instead of just “the student”.
Singular = This
Plural = These
Nom. hic, haec, hoc (this)
hi, hae, haec
(these)
Gen.
huius x3 (of this)
horum, harum, horum (of these)
Dat.
huic x3 (to/for this)
his x3 (to/for these)
Acc.
hunc, hanc, hoc (verb this)
hos, has, haec (verb these)
Abl. hoc, hac, hoc (by/with/from this)
his x3 (b/w/f these)
Prepositions
Explanation:
Prepositions introduce a prepositional phrase
and WHERE TOWARDS an action is intended. Objects of prepositions
Ms. Farrell Brouse 2013
can either be in the accusative or ablative case. The following is a list
of prepositions that take the accusative case:
Ad: to/towards
In: into
Prope: near
Circum: round
Per: through/throughout
Ante: before
Post: after
The following prepositions take the ablative case:
A/ab: from
De: down from
E/ex: out of
Cum: with
In: in/on
Sub: under
Please see me if you have any questions about the
exam!!
Good luck studying!!!!!! :)