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Minor Parts of Speech Pronouns Auxiliaries Conjunctions Determiners Qualifiers Prepositions Isolates PRONOUNS Definition: a word that replaces a noun or noun phrase Types of Pronouns Personal Demonstrative Reflexive Intensive Indefinite Personal Pronouns Person 1st Person Case • Speaker • Functions as the subject 2nd Person • Addressee Subjective (he) Objective (him) • Functions as the object 3rd Person Possessive (his) • Innocent bystander Number Singular Plural Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Demonstrative Pronouns Definition: words that point out an object and are often accompanied with pointing gesture Plural these Singular this that those Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns Definition: form ends in –self Reflexive Object Ex. Hillary hurt herself. Intensive Modifier Ex. Hillary bought herself a new car. Indefinite Pronouns “leftover class of pronouns” QUANTIFIERS several everybody none another AUXILAIRIES “Helping Verbs: words that may join with the true verb in making up the complete verb of a sentence Voice Active • Single verb • Point of view of the doer • Ex. Jake called every member of the class. Passive • Form of be (auxiliary) followed by past participle form of main verb • Point of view of the person effected by action • Ex. Every member of the class was called by Jake. CONJUNCTIONS COORDINATING Connect two elements of equal grammatical status Example • • • • • • and but or for nor so SUBORDINATING Connect structures of unequal grammatical status Connect clauses only DETERMINERS Signifies that a noun is coming Modifies a noun but cannot be made comparative or superlative Precedes adjectives in a noun phrase Words: the, a, an, our, this, some, every, first, all QUALIFERS Definition: modifies an adjective or an adverb, either strengthening or weakening its meaning Words more most very quite rather somewhat each PREPOSITIONS Definition: a word that shows the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence Usually followed by a noun phrase “Anything a plane can do to a cloud” Example: above, around, through, behind, with, to, at, during ISOLATES OUCH!! Definition: Words that are not grammatically connected to other sentence parts and are typically separated with commas Indicates the speaker’s attitude or feelings THAT’S ALL FOLKS! This concludes our study of the minor parts of speech. Congratulations!! You made it!