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AGE OF CHRISTENDOM After fall of Rome, the Pope had no “muscle,” - no emperor -until the Franks 481 Clovis accepts Christianity -Clotilda -Battle of Tobiac -originally became Arians (Jesus was a created being that came to earth became human and defeated the conquering warlord”) Arian Christianity -at death, he divides his kingdom among his sons >infighting and kings and kingdom weaken >out of this disarray – MAYOR OF THE PALACE (powerful noble) arose like Prime Minister in England king becomes a puppet Charles Martel (the Hammer) – 1st MOP 732 – Battle of Tours Pepin the Short had power, but no title asked Pope Zachary who should be king -Pope supported Pepin >protection against Lombards Childeric III was deposed 752 Pepin became “King of the Franks” 754 Pope Stephen II asks Pepin to fight Lombards -after defeating Lombards gave “Papal States” to Pope Stephen II >Papal States provided basis for Pope’s developing “temporal power” Charlemagne 799 12.25.800 2 results Pope Leo III asked for help against Roman nobles Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor” **empire was not holy, Roman, or recognized this tied Church and State together 1)*on 12.23.800 – Charlemagne escorted Pope Leo III back into Rome as the most powerful and 2 days later, with the crowning, Pope Leo III had the power the Church had hired “MUSCLE” 2)Charlemagne feared war with Byzantine Emperor *not until 812 (Treaty of Aix-la-Chapele) was Charlemagne viewed as an equal Mr. Meier Page 1 AGE OF CHRISTENDOM Charlemagne became 1st to unite Western Roman Empire since Rome’s fall in 476 >brought law/order >est. “Moral Authority” >outlawed dancing/gambling >installed “Papal ideas” One big problem for western Europe was a blessing for the Church – PEOPLE WERE ILLITERATE, except for the Clergy People came to Clergy for knowledge, but Charlemagne ordered that in every Church, boys would be taught reading/writing/arithmetic >schools for “common man” 814 Charlemagne died – Frankish kingdom declined and disorder developed RISE OF FEUDALISM **there is still an emperor, but they have lost a lot of power due to disorder and division of land >LORD – gave land >VASSAL – received land – paid “homage” (allegiance) to Lord >Churches now controlled by Lords -had to begin paying political leaders to stay on “their” land -beginning of LAY INVESTITURE ”layman” would empower spiritual leaders with authority to ADMINISTER Church **like a pastor having to get power from Mayor of Newburgh BIG PROBLEM DEVELOPS -“unspiritual” men would use politics to get “spiritual” power -these men would give “paybacks” to leaders = SIMONY Simon tried to buy power to be an apostle (Book of Acts) -led to NEPOTISM political leaders replacing qualified spiritual leaders with “family” members 300 French Monasteries rebelled -Churches do not derive power from the State, but the State gets its power from the Church -refused to pay rent to political leaders -fighting started Pope Gregory VII >establishes “PAPAL INFALLIBILITY” cannot be wrong, led by God >declared Simony illegal >outlawed “Lay Investiture” >accuses Emperor Henry IV of Simony Gregory calls Henry to come before him – Henry NO! Henry calls Gregory to come before him – Gregory NO! Mr. Meier Page 2 AGE OF CHRISTENDOM Henry calls a council to declare Gregory unfit to rule and to remove him Gregory plays “HARD BALL” -declares all land ruled by Henry to be under “INTERDICTION” Pope Gregory forbid any priest/bishop to serve Communion in Henry’s land -Communion seen as the “real blood/body of Christ” – THIS WAS THE MEANS TO GRACE Interdiction did not just cut you off from Communion, it cut you off from receiving God’s Grace – YOUR GOING TO HELL!!! Gregory is telling Henry that he will send his entire land to Hell – German princes cried out for mercy –how do people know the difference when they CANNOT READ -you don’t own a Bible – everything you hear comes from the Clergy -Clergy controlled Communion – elements were behind Priest and a rail in front of you you do not come to Communion – the Priest raises the bread/wine and TRANSUBSTANTIATION occurs Priest places wafer on your tongue – you do not take it yourself >let wafer dissolve – to chew would be to chew on Baby Jesus 1077 Henry IV begs for Gregory’s forgiveness at CANOSSA -after 3 days – wearing “burlap clothing” – in snow – Gregory forgives Henry 1090 Pope Gregory VII issued the DICTATUS PAPAE (Papal claims – not necessarily laws) >pope has power to depose emperors >only Bishop of Rome took title of POPE >pope alone has power to depose/reinstate bishops >pope can be judged by no one >pope has ability to “absolve” people from their “oaths of fealty” to wicked lords/rulers >all princes shall “kiss his feet” alone POWER OF SUPERSTITUTION ****people are led to believe they can be withheld from Heaven – the POPE’S OWN THE PEOPLE pope’s do not have this authority, but who can argue, they cannot read/write Papacy becomes the most powerful office in Europe 1300 Pope Boniface in his crown 48 Rubies 72 Sapphires 45 Emeralds 16 Pearls 2 rows of Gold showing King of CHURCH/STATE “I am Caesar, I am Emperor” PROBLEMS / CORRUPTION developed: 1)control of Communion by Clergy Mr. Meier Page 3 AGE OF CHRISTENDOM 2)7 Sacraments -Baptism -Confirmation -Penance/Confession -Communion -Marriage -Holy Orders - priesthood -Extreme Unction – forgiveness at death after JFK was shot, continued to circulate his blood so Priest could perform 3)Sacerdotalism -Priests bestow Grace -established division between Clergy / Laity -people’s growth depended solely upon clergy 4)Purgatory -belief that no one is good enough to enter directly into Heaven -intermediary place at death where you go to be punished for your sins 5)Indulgences -shortened time in Purgatory -although no one was good enough to enter directly into Heaven – there were some that were good enough these “good works” built up a “treasury of credit” -priests would instruct you to do “good deeds” which would “draw” off “stored credit” -led to tithing, since it is considered a “good work” you could pay to get out of Purgatory -in time, you could pay for future sins -in time, you could pay for mommy/daddy John Tetzel was an agent for selling of indulgences ”when a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs” how can you sit there with money in your pocket while your mom/dad are in Purgatory being punished **St. Peter’s Cathedral was built using the selling of indulgences **MARTIN LUTHER 6)”Via Moderna” -synergistic approach (God and Man to gain Grace) 7)Papal Infallibility -Unam Sanctum (bull) only Pope said what was Right or Wrong 8)Veneration of Mary -Jesus was seen as fierce and wrathful – you did not want to come to Jesus for mercy, you went to the most merciful person, Mary By 14th century -power had replaced piety -tradition replaced truth -synergism replaced monergism -clergy replaced scripture -expansion of kingdoms replaced true conversion Mr. Meier Page 4