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India
Kacey Brown
Christina Barbaro
Alexa Elliot
Dakota Brovero
Vocabulary
Section One
A subcontinent is a large landmass that is part of
a continent but is separate from it.
Sanskrit is the written language developed by the
Aryans in India.
A prince who led an Aryan tribe in India is a raja.
A caste is a social group that a person is born into
and cannot alter.
A guru is a religious teacher and spiritual guide in
the religion of Hinduism.
Vocabulary
Section Two
The system of religion that grew out of the
religion of the Aryans was Hinduism.
In Hinduism, the universal spirit of which all
gods and goddesses are different parts is
Brahman.
Reincarnation is the rebirth of the soul or spirit
in a different body.
Dharma is the divine law that requires people to
perform the duties of their caste in Hinduism.
Vocabulary
Section Two (continued)
Karma is the good or bad energy a person builds
up based upon whether he or she lives a good
or bad life, in the religion of Hinduism.
Buddhism is a religion founded by Siddhartha
Gautama the Buddha which taught the way to
find truth was to give up all desires.
In Buddhism, a state a wisdom and freedom
from the cycle of rebirth is nirvana.
A government headed by religious leaders is
theocracy.
Vocabulary
Section Three
A line of rulers from the same family is a
dynasty.
A stupa is a Buddhist shrine that is shaped like a
dome.
A person who travels to go to a religious shrine
or site is a pilgrim.
Social Classes
There are 5 levels to the
Indian social class. This is a
caste, basically meaning
when you’re alive, you
cannot move up or down.
Your reincarnated person
will move up or down on
the classes from the action
you did in your life.
1. Brahmans
2. Kshatriyas
3. Vaisyas
4. Sudras
5. Pariahs
Priests
Warriors, Rulers
Common People
Servants
Untouchables
India History
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3000 B.C.: The Harappan Civilization Began
1500 B.C.: The Aryans Invade India
563 B.C.: The Buddha was born the Himalayan
518 B.C.: The Persians invade India
483 B.C.: The Buddha died at age 80
327 B.C.: Alexander the Great invaded India
321 B.C.: The Mauryan dynasty began
273 B.C.: The Asoka began to rule India
183 B.C.: The last Mauryan ruler was killed
320 A.D.: The Gupta empire began
Major achievements with most
enduring legacies.
• Farming. Learning to use soil to grow crops is when
farming started and still with us today.
•Hinduism. One of the oldest religions in the world and is
still practiced today and is the third largest religion
•Algebra. One of the first mathematicians of the empire
used algebra and it is still being learned and taught in our
society today.
•Astronomy. Ancient Indians followed mapped
movements of planets and stars. They understood many
things like gravity and that the Earth was round.
Geography Cause To Settlement
• Mountains provide great protection from Invasions.
• There were many different rivers for a wide range to
trade with.
• This was good because Trade was very Great in India.
• So important People brought a couple of wagons or
boats to carry all their things to trade and what they
traded for.
• India was able to sustain because of the High lands
and the walls that stopped floods. They also had
longer growing seasons since there weren’t as long
winters than in other places.
Technology Advancements
• People learned to use Iron. Which gave them
more deadly weapons and better tools.
• This helped the economic system because
more people wanted to buy the iron tools and
weapons which gave more jobs to people. It
also made more trade and more money was
being made.
• The caste was created, but each level was
made at different times.
Written Language
• Globally, ancient carving in rocks can inform us about civilizations that
began them, but also unravel a need for early people to show permanence
to their views.
• Throughout time, India has benefitted from language by being able to pass
on knowledge and tell traditions in writing and stories.
• Ancient Indians also wrote down science and mathematics, not just
literature.
• In Ancient India, the earliest findings of writing are on rocks and pillars.
They displayed the era of the Emperor Ashoka and his time being ruler
after he embraced Buddhisim and worked on non-violence of the people.
This with writings such as the Vedas and the Upanishads gave a lot of
information and solved many mysteries for today's time.
• All over the world, people realize that ancient Indian texts include the
business of living, not just religion. Many people are beginning to view
spirituality too.
Geography Key Points
• The most important of them was River Saraswati,
which is not traceable now.
• There was encompassing desert, mountains, forest,
and jungle all over ancient India. All of these types of
places were susceptible to unpredictable periods of
flood, drought, and monsoon.
• The Himalayas provided a great deal of protection from
nomadic and military invasions from the north.
• The water ways of the Indus valley provided an
excellent source for trade and commerce all through
India's history.
Siddhartha Gautama or The Buddha
Born around 563 BC in a small kingdom.
(Nearby present-day Nepal)
In the beginning, he was wealthy,
handsome, happily married, and had a
family.
One day, he traveled outside of the
palace and saw for the first time, suffering.
Beggars, the sick, the homeless, and other
low people.
Siddhartha Gautama (continued)
Siddhartha then thought to himself, Why
did people suffer and how could their
suffering be cured?
With that, Siddhartha left his family and
kingdom to find his answer.
For days, he could not eat and was forced
to sleep on the cold, hard dirt.
Once he began meditating (after 45 days)
he found his answer.
Siddhartha Gautama (continued)
Basically, the lessons he taught to people
all over the countryside were about life and
the nature of suffering. This is known as
Buddhism.
What’s Buddhism?
If you wish to understand his ideas
and thoughts, you must first see the world
in his eyes.
Buddhism
The Buddha did not think anything in the
everyday life was real, like any other good
Hindu.
He believed the only way to find the truth
about the world was to give up all desires. If
did so, all pain and sorrow would vanish.
If someone gave up all desires, they would
reach nirvana. Nirvana is not a place, but a state of
wisdom.
Buddhism
The heart of his teachings were the 4
Noble Truths.
1. Life is full of suffering.
2. People suffer because they desire worldly
things and self-satisfaction.
3. The way to stop suffering is to end desiring
things.
4. The only way to stop desiring things is to
follow the Eightfold Path.
Buddhism
The Eightfold Path
1. Know and understand the four Noble Truths.
2. Give up worldly things and do not harm others.
3. Tell the truth, and don’t gossip or speak badly of
others.
4. Don’t commit evil acts, like killing, stealing, or
living an unclean life.
5. Do rewarding work.
6. Work for good and oppose evil.
7. Make sure your mind keeps your senses under
control.
8. Practice meditation as a way of understanding
reality.